【作者】 侯德伟；

【导师】 邹放鸣；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 科技与教育管理， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 高校毕业生就业是国家就业工作的重点,做好高校毕业生就业工作对于社会和谐稳定意义重大。随着国家各领域综合改革的深入推动,高等教育领域进入内涵式、跨越式发展阶段,提高质量成为高等教育改革和发展的核心任务。毕业生就业质量是高校人才培养质量的重要表现,研究毕业生就业质量问题对于改进高校教育管理、促进毕业生的自由而全面发展意义重大。研究基于成就需要理论、生涯建构理论和自我同一性理论等,提出了大学生就业质量和就业准备问题研究的理论基础。在校本科生对高质量就业目标的追求是高成就需要的体现,他们在大学期间开展的各项就业准备活动是一段独特而又重要的生涯建构过程。基于生涯建构的过程视角,就业准备动机、生涯适应能力和就业准备策略分别反映了在校本科生就业准备的内在动力源、核心能力和行为取向,其综合表现构成了高校本科生就业准备状况评价的重要内容。基于国际劳工组织的微观体面劳动指数体系和基础保障理论,提出高校本科毕业生初次就业质量评价体系。全文从总体和分类两个层面开展了高校本科生就业准备状况和初次就业质量现状分析。根据就业准备状况的内涵和结构,选择主动性人格、生涯适应力和就业准备策略作为测量工具,分析了在校本科生就业准备状况的现状。在校本科生的就业准备状况总体上处于中等偏上水平,其中生涯适应力平均得分最高,主动性人格平均得分次之,就业准备策略平均得分最低。利用修订后的就业质量问卷调查分析了高校本科毕业生初次就业质量的现状。从总体上看,初次就业质量水平不高;就业质量五个因子的得分由高到低依次排列为:收入保障>就业保障>劳动保障>心理保障>职业保障,且仅有收入保障和就业保障两项的平均分超过了就业质量总体的平均分。引入职业认同变量,构建基于就业准备状况的高校毕业生初次就业质量研究理论模型,利用结构方程建模分析了高校本科毕业生初次就业质量的影响机理。对初次就业质量影响效应最大的是职业认同,其次是生涯适应力;就业准备策略对职业认同影响最大;主动性人格通过直接和间接作用对就业准备策略影响最大。主动性人格是唯一和生涯适应力、就业准备策略、职业认同、初次就业质量均相关且都存在直接或间接促进作用的因素。就业准备策略通过职业认同间接影响初次就业质量,说明职业认同是就业准备行为发挥作用的关键。根据以上研究结论,高校本科毕业生初次就业质量的提升需要高校和大学生共同努力,综合运用教育学、心理学等多学科知识,从宏观和微观两个层面综合施策。宏观方面,一是构建在校本科生就业准备状况评价机制和监督保障机制;二是建立毕业生就业状况的信息反馈机制。微观方面,一是提升在校本科生职业生涯自主管理能力,着力实现职业认同;二是加强在校本科生生涯适应力教育与辅导,着力提升适应未来职业发展的核心竞争力;三是加强在校本科生主动性人格的培养和塑造,着力提升心理资本积累。该论文有图29幅,表57个,参考文献161篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 The employment of college graduates is the focus of the national employment work,which is of great significance for social harmony and stability.With the in-depth promotion of comprehensive reforms in various fields of the country,higher education has entered a connotative and leap-forward development stage,thus improving quality has become the core task of higher education reform and development.The quality of graduates’ employment is an important manifestation of intellects cultivation quality.Therefore,studying the quality of graduates’ employment is of great importance for improving the management of college education and promoting the freedom and comprehensive development of graduates.Based on achievement need theory,career construction theory and self-identity theory,the theoretical basis of the research on employment quality and employment preparation of college students is put forward.The pursuit of high-quality employment of university undergraduates shows their high-achievement needs.The various employment preparation activities they carried out during the university constitute a unique and important career construction process.The employment motivation,adaptability and preparation behavior are important parts of the evaluation of their employment preparation status.Based on the ILO’s micro decent work index system and related research at home and abroad,the evaluation system of university graduates’ initial employment quality is proposed.The status quo of university undergraduates’ employment preparation and the initial employment quality are analyzed both in general and in sorted.According to the connotation and structure of employment preparation status,using initiative personality,career adaptability and employment preparation strategy as measuring tools,the status quo of employment preparation of university undergraduates has been analyzed.It is found that the employment preparation status of university undergraduates is generally above medium level,in which the average score of career adaptability is the highest,the second is that of active personality average,and the lowest is that of employment preparation strategy.Besides,the revised questionnaire about employment quality was used to analyze the current status of university graduates’ initial employment quality.It is found that the quality of the initial employment is not high generally.The scores of the five factors of employment quality are ranked from high to low: income security >employment security > labor security > psychological security > occupational security and only the average score of income security and employment security exceeds that of employment quality.The career identity is introduced as a variable,and the theoretical model of the initial employment quality of university graduates based on the employment preparation status is constructed.The structural equation modeling is applied to analyze the influence of the graduates’ initial employment quality.It is found that occupational identity has the most important effect on initial employment quality,followed by career adaptability;employment preparation strategy has the greatest impact on career identity;active personality has the greatest impact on employment preparation strategy through direct and indirect actions.Initiative personality is the only factor that not only being related to career adaptability,employment preparation strategy,career identity,and employment quality,but also have direct or indirect promotions on them.Employment preparation strategy indirectly affects initial employment quality through career identity,indicating that it is the key to the role of employment preparation behavior.Based on the above research,the improvement of university graduates’ initial employment quality requires the joint efforts of universities and undergraduates,comprehensively using pedagogy and psychology and taking measures from both macro and micro levels.On the macro level,the first is to construct an evaluation mechanism and safeguard mechanism for the employment preparation of university undergraduates,the second is to establish an information feedback mechanism for the employment status of graduates.On the micro level,the first is to promote the career management of university undergraduates to increase their career identity;the second is to carry out career adaptation education,and focus on improving the core competitiveness of future career adaptability;the third is to strengthen the cultivation of initiative personality of university undergraduates and the accumulation of psychological capital.This dissertation contains 29 figures,57 tables and 161 references.更多还原