【作者】 余英；

【导师】 李育民；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 《外交评论》是与南京国民政府外交部紧密联系并受其影响,在九一八事变之后创办的政论性杂志。杂志创刊于1932年6月20日,至1937年7月15日终刊,共出版发行9卷共55期,其创刊旨在宣传政府外交方针政策、引导社会舆论的同时,对政府外交展开评论和建言,它记录着20世纪30年代局部抗战时期中国内政外交的一段真实历史。本文主要通过对主体史料《外交评论》的搜集、整理和分析,以其刊载的外交报道及评论为中心,考察政府外交政策及社会舆论反映,并借此展现1930年代中国外交复杂多变的艰难历程,进而丰富近代中外关系史的研究。论文主要从四个方面展开研究,一是介绍《外交评论》的基本情况,从杂志创刊的历史背景和基本内容入手,分析刊物的办刊宗旨、作者群体和基本特点;二是对杂志刊载的评论、论著、译述、专载、外交文件、外交时论选、书报介绍与批评、通讯等各栏目内容中所呈现的外交观念、批评与建言等作归纳性研究;三是研究《外交评论》作为与外交部密切相关的政论性刊物所独有的主要特征,以及在宣传政府外交政策、提高民众外交智识和引导公众舆论等方面的影响和作用;四是作为中外关系史的研究对象,《外交评论》对外交观念近代化和中国外交提供的启示和经验教训。论文分绪论、正文和结语三个部分。绪论部分介绍选题动因、研究现状、研究方法和创新与不足之处。正文共八章,第一章从杂志创办的背景、宗旨、编辑发行和作者群体等方面考察杂志的概况,为后文的展开提供一个认知基础;第二章主要归纳杂志诸多评论文章中呈现出来的主动外交的积极态度、捍卫国家民族安全的基本原则和以利害关系为考量的政策取向,综合论述《外交评论》努力维护国权的外交观;第三章重点考察《外交评论》基于国民政府外交力量不足所提出的增强国家实力、整理外交机能和重视文化外交等推进外交建设的主张;第四章主要梳理《外交评论》对风行于1930年代的法西斯主义的介述和解析,考察当时社会舆论对法西斯主义和法西斯国家的认知与评价,阐述知识分子群体在九一八事变之后对法西斯集权政治的基本认同;第五、六章主要探析《外交评论》对国际格局形势的全面考察和对国民政府内政外交政策的评价,撰稿人群体对“攘外必先安内”“国联外交”等外交政策的舆论回应和对国际盟友的分析判断,呈现出杂志对国民政府内政外交政策的呼应态度;中日交涉是当时的外交重点和难点问题,《外交评论》把主要精力放在对日方针政策的考察与建言,一方面,撰稿人与外交部在原则上同声共气,另一方面,在批评国民政府对日政策“措置欠当”的同时,提出多种外交建议供政府参考;第七章主要探讨《外交评论》提出的修废不平等条约主张,展示外交界和学术界在废约低潮时期对不平等条约的关注,以及提出的较为理性的修废约方式和手段;第八章将《外交评论》与《国民外交杂志》这两份创刊时间相同、名称相近的杂志作基本比较,对《外交评论》的刊物性质与思想内容特点、作用影响和局限不足等方面进行分析。结语部分是总结性评价:《外交评论》是政府外交政策的“宣传员”、集权统治的“维护人”、近代国际观念和外交知识的“传播者”、社会政治变化的“映射镜”,归纳其在局部抗战时期所特有的地位和在外交近代化进程中的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Foreign Affairs Review,set up by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Nanjing National Government after the September 18 incident,is a special commentary journal with official background.Founded on June 20,1932,until July 15,1937,the journal published a total of 55 issues in nine volumes.As an official publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,the Diplomatic Review was founded to publicize the government’s foreign policy and guide public opinion,and also to comment and advise on the government’s foreign policy,which records a true history of China’s internal and foreign affairs in the 1930 s.Through the collection,collation and analysis of the main historical materials in the publication,this paper examines the foreign policy of the government and the reflection of public opinion,focusing on the foreign reports and comments published by it,and shows the difficult,complex and changeable course of china’s foreign affairs in the 1930 s,and then enriches the study of the modern history of Sino-foreign relations.This dissertation mainly studies from four aspects,one is to introduce the basic situation of Foreign Affairs Review,starting from the historical background and basic content,and to analyze the purpose,the group of authors and the basic characteristics of the journal;the other is to make an inductive research of the diplomatic opinion,criticism and advice presented in the comments,treatises,translations,monographs,diplomatic documents,current diplomatic events reviews,introduction of books and newspapers,criticism,and news reports,etc.;the third is to study the unique features of Foreign Affairs Reviews as a publication of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,as well as the influence and role of the publication in promoting foreign policy,improving public intelligence and guiding public opinion.Fourth,as the research object of the history of China and foreign relations,the Foreign Affairs Reviews provides enlightenment and lessons to the modernization of diplomatic concept and Chinese diplomacy.As far as the content is concerned,this dissertation consists of three parts: the introduction,the main text(eight chapters)and the conclusion.The introduction part introduces the topic,research status,research ideas and the innovation and shortcomings of the thesis.Chapter one examines the general situation of the magazine from its founding background,the objectives of establishment of the publication,its editing and distribution,and the author group to provide a cognitive basis for the development of the following text.Chapter two mainly summarizes the positive attitude of active diplomacy,the basic principles of safeguarding national security and the policy orientation based on the consideration of interests,and comprehensively discusses its diplomatic perspectives of trying to maintain national sovereignty;Chapter three,based on the deficiency of the diplomatic capacity of the national government,focuses on the journal’s diplomatic assertion of enhancing national strength,collating diplomatic functions and attaching importance to cultural diplomacy to promote diplomatic development.Chapter four mainly sorts out the introduction and analysis of the fascism popular in the 1930 s,examines the understanding and evaluation of fascism and fascist countries at that time,and expounds the intellectuals’ basic identity with the fascist totalitarianism after the September 18 incident;Chapter five and six mainly probe into the comprehensive investigation of the situation of the international pattern,and the evaluation of the domestic and foreign policies of the national government.The writers echoed the domestic and diplomatic policies by responding to the foreign policies such as "to resis foreign aggression we must first get rid of the enemy within" and "the foreign affairs of the League of Nations",and the analysis and judgment of the international allies.China and Japan’s negotiations were the diplomatic priorities and difficulties of the time,and the Foreign Affairs Review focused its attention on examining and proposing the principles and policies towards Japan.On the one hand,the writers and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs were in agreement in principle,on the other hand,while criticizing the national government’s "inadequate measures" on the Japanese policy,they put forward a variety of diplomatic proposals for reference to the government;the seventh chapter mainly discusses the proposal of amending the unequal treaty in the journal,which demonstrates the attention of the diplomatic community and the academic circles to the unequal treaty in the low tide,as well as the ways and means of amending the treaty.The eighth chapter compares the publication with the National Diplomatic Magazine,which has the same start time and similar names,and mainly analyzes the nature of the publication and the characteristics of its ideological content,its influence and limitation.The conclusion part is summarized evaluation:" Foreign Review Review is the" propagandist "of the government foreign policy,the" defender "of the totalitarian rule,the "communicator "of the modern international concept and diplomatic knowledge,and the" mapping mirror "of the social and political changes for its special position in the period of local Anti-Japanese War and its role in the process of diplomatic modernization.更多还原