【作者】 张颖；

【导师】 吴景明；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 中国“新文学”的诞生是从“世界文学”到“中国文学”,再由“中国文学”到“世界文学”的繁杂转变过程,这个转变的发生是十分隐秘的。外国文学的译介在这个转变过程中发挥着不可估量的作用,因此,翻译文学的研究成为中国现代文学确立与发展的重要研究方法与手段。本文以中国历史上第一份专门刊载外国文学译介作品的期刊《译文》为研究对象,从历史、社会等因素入手,梳理《译文》从创刊到停刊的发展历程,考察由《译文》月刊中译介作品所构成的世界文学样貌,探讨此样貌形成的历史、社会和文学等因素,进而研究《译文》对于中国新文学产生的价值与影响,并对《译文》杂志进行总体的、客观的评价。第一章从我国现代文学译介的发展历史入手,通过史实、史料对《译文》的创刊原因及社会背景进行考察。《译文》的诞生是中国“新文学”建立的需要,是近现代外国文学译介积累的发展,是“杂志潮”与“翻译年”共同推动下的产物,也是在“文化围剿”政策影响下文人的生存之路。在多种因素的共同影响下,鲁迅、茅盾与黎烈文共创《译文》。虽然期间经历了一次“停刊”风波,《译文》仍然在中国现代文学史上留下了令人瞩目的印记。第二章通过文本分析与统计的方法,从原作国别、原作家构成、译介作品体裁、文论译介以及译作主题五个方面对《译文》中刊载的352篇译介作品进行详细考察,描述《译文》所呈现出的20世纪30年代世界文学的文学样貌。《译文》对苏俄文学的“突显”,对弱小民族文学的重视,对欧美文学的“遮蔽”,对日本文学的借鉴以及亚洲其他国家文学在《译文》中的“消失”都展现着20世纪30年代各国文学在《译文》译者眼中的地位与层次。《译文》所选译的外国作家群体构成也异彩纷呈,有精英文学家、平民文学创作者,也有优秀的女性作家等等。他们对于政治和文学的见解不甚统一,各具特色的作家构成了《译文》译者眼中的世界文学作家版图。此外,《译文》摆脱了以文学创作为主的翻译选材模式,加入了大量文论的译介,生成了创作与文论共存的世界文学样貌,文论译介也是《译文》中浓墨重彩的一笔。最后,从译介题材的角度对《译文》作品进行分类,考察《译文》译者眼中世界文学作品的流行主题。第三章以多元文化理论中的翻译操控论为基础,从意识形态、诗学、编译者以及赞助人四个方面对《译文》所呈现出的世界文学样貌进行深层次的分析,即考察其形成的原因与路径。袭卷世界的“红色”浪潮、国民党当局的反革命思想与人民大众“革新救国”的意识形态共同影响着《译文》中所呈现的世界文学样貌。同时,现实主义创作的发展、书写现实的小说的译介、新文学发展的“学习”诉求与改造社会的中国式追求都从诗学的角度影响着《译文》的世界文学译介选材。此外,具有时代特征的编译者构成了《译文》中世界文学样貌的内部影响因素。最后,笔者考察了充当“赞助人”的执政党、编辑出版方、共产党以及读者如何以各自的方式操控着译者的译介选择。第四章讨论了《译文》及其呈现的世界文学样貌的价值,探讨《译文》对现当代文学的影响,考察《译文》对于后世翻译文学及新文学创作所做出的贡献。同时,客观地分析了《译文》作为同人杂志所具有的复杂的人际关系、相对排他的办刊思想、译者自身的外语局限以及因而所产生的并不成熟的世界文学想象,给《译文》一个客观的、全面的历史评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appearance of the Chinese new literature is a complex process from the world literature to Chinese literature and then from Chinese literature back to the world literature,which is really secret and difficult to recognize.During this process,the foreign literature has played a very important role,therefore,the study on the translated literature is a good way to learn about the birth and development of Chinese modern literature.The dissertation takes Yiwen,the first translation journal in Chinese history,as the research object,combing the history of Yiwen from the historical and social perspectives,exploring the world literature looks in China through the translated works in it,discussing the historical,social and literary reasons for them,and studying its influence on the appearance and development of the Chinese new literature.In this way the influence of translated literature on the establishment of Chinese modern literature can be learned.In Chapter 1,starting from the history of Chinese translated literature,the social background and reasons for publication are studied through historical data and information.The birth of Yiwen is the need of Chinese new literature,the result of the developing modern translated literature,the outcome of “the tide of journals” and “the year of translation”,and the way of living for the writers affected by the policy of “cultural control”.Influenced by those different kinds of factors,Lu Xun,Mao Dun and Li Liewen started Yiwen.Although it experienced a period of suspension,Yiwen has left a deep mark on Chinese modern literature history.In Chapter 2,through statistics and text analysis,352 works in Yiwen are studied from the perspectives of nationalities,original writers,creations and theories,as well as themes,and the world literature looks in the 1930 s in Yiwen is shown.The outstanding Russian literature,the hidden British literature,the emphasized oppressed nation’s and French literature,the referred American and Japanese literature,as well as the neglected other Asian countries’ literature can reveal the status of foreign literature in the eyes of Yiwen.What’s more,the foreign writers translated in Yiwen are also really varied,including great professional writers,common civilian composers,excellent female writer and so on.All of these writers,whose political and literary opinions are not exactly the same,compose the world literature writing group in Yiwen.Besides,getting rid of the traditional translation which focused on literary creations,Yiwen has translated a lot of literary reviews and works on literary theories,which are also studied in this part.Finally,the translated works in Yiwen are studied from the perspective of themes to see the themes of the world literature in the eyes of Yiwen.Chapter 3 is based on the manipulation theory in multicultural theory,where the formation of the world literature looks is analyzed deeply from the perspectives of ideology,poetics,patronage and translators.That is to say,the reasons and ways of making the world literature more Chinese in Yiwen are studied in this chapter.The world popular “red” tide,the retroactive ideology of the Kuomintang Government and the people’s desire for innovation and saving the nation all have influences on the world literature looks shown in Yiwen.At the same time,the development of realism,the popularity of novels in China,the cultural demands for the development of Chinese new culture,as well as the chase for social functions of literature all have some influences on the translated world literature in Yiwen.What’s more,the ruling party,the editorial and publication part,the Communist Party and the readers are all “patrons” who did have some influences on the choices of translators in Yiwen.Finally,the translators,who have shown the world literature looks and influenced the outcome directly in person are studied in this part.In Chapter 4,an objective evaluation on Yiwen is given in this part.On the one hand,the historical status and influence of Yiwen on the Chinese modern and contemporary literature are discussed,and the contribution of Yiwen to the afterwards literature is also talked about in this part.On the other hand,Yiwen also has some unavoidable disappointments,such as the complex interpersonal relationship,the comparatively exclusive running idea and the limitation of the language abilities,which are also included in this part.更多还原