【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 张淑林； 裴旭；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 公共管理， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 我国工程硕士专业学位自设立已来,发展迅速,研究生培养规模和培养单位均保持较快增长,为国家发展进步、民族复兴繁荣,培养了大批工程人才。进入新时代,各行各业对工程人才培养提出了契合时代发展的新要求,我们需要的不仅是懂技术的高级工程师,而且是具有创新思维、创新精神、创新潜质,具有“胸怀祖国、放眼世界”大格局意识和国际视野,具有法治意识、工程伦理意识和生态意识等综合素质与能力的大国工匠,因此开展工程硕士研究生能力素质研究,完善工程硕士培养体系十分必要,这即具有重要理论意义,又对深化当前工程硕士研究生教育综合改革有一定现实意义,为此本研究主要内容如下。第一,对工程硕士研究生能力素质的相关概念、理论与思想进行了综述。(1)相关概念方面,如能力的概念与构成、素质的含义与特征;(2)理论基础方面,大工程观包括基本概述及其理论构成(大专业素质、综合能力和工程伦理),胜任力理论涉及胜任力的定义、胜任力结构模型(胜任力基本模型、模型的构建方法);(3)工程教育思想方面,包括美国、欧洲和日本的工程教育思想。第二,对我国工程硕士研究生能力素质培养现状进行了分析。(1)我国工程硕士教育的发展历程与改革举措方面,发展历程包括工程硕士教育摸索期、起步期、稳定发展期、繁荣期等四个阶段,改革举措包括成立全国工程硕士专业指导委员会、新增工程领域准入制度、制定工程硕士专业学位标准等;(2)我国工程硕士能力素质培养的要求与特征方面,分析了国务院、教育部等颁布的相关工程教育的发展规划、指导意见等政策文本,总结出培养目标强调应用性、课程设置强调基础性、实施双导师制、培养方式注重产学结合等四个特征;(3)工程硕士能力素质培养存在的主要问题方面,概括出“培养定位矮化,价值认同不足,工程硕士的教育属性、目标缺乏理念支撑”、“课程设置雷同,双导师制虚设,工程硕士的理论、实践质量缺乏机制保障”、“技能实践匮乏,研发参与不足,工程硕士的职业胜任能力缺乏应有配套”等问题。第三,设计了我国工程硕士研究生能力素质结构。(1)大工程观下的工程硕士能力素质结构设计方面,包括大类工程领域的四大划分依据(行业分类、职业分类、专业分类、学科分类)、七大类工程领域及三方面培养目标;(2)基于胜任力理论的工程硕士能力素质结构设计方面,包括确立依据(知识、技能与态度的胜任特征,卓越工程师教育培养计划通用人才标准等),能力素质结构(两大知识要求、三大素质要求、五大能力要求)。第四,开展了工程硕士研究生能力素质结构的实证分析。(1)针对研究生的问卷调查研究方面,包括工程硕士研究生能力素质结构探索(探索性因子分析、能力素质结构测量),结构方程模型构建(验证性因子分析及路径分析、观测变量与潜变量关系分析、外生潜变量之间的关系分析),Ordinal回归分析(平行线检验和模型拟合结果、Ordinal模型的参数估计结果);(2)对专家的深度访谈分析方面,含有访谈对象确立、访谈提纲设计和访谈结果分析等内容。最后,提出工程硕士研究生培养体系的改革建议,以及本文研究总结。改革建议主要包括“注重工程伦理教育,强化现代工匠培育,提高工程职业素养”、“加强知识技能供给,完善双师指导机制,提高工程实践能力”、“对标职业胜任需求,鼓励开展研发应用,提高就业创业能力”等三大方面;研究总结包括研究局限及展望等。更多还原

【Abstract】 China’s master’s degree in engineering has been established since its establishment,and its development has been rapid.The scale of graduate education and the training units have maintained rapid growth.It has cultivated a large number of engineering talents for the country’s development and progress,national prosperity and prosperity.Entering a new era,all walks of life have put forward new requirements for the development of engineering talents in line with the development of the times.We need not only advanced engineers who understand technology,but also innovative thinking,innovative spirit,and innovative potential,with the spirit of "the motherland and the world." The big pattern consciousness and the international vision,the great country craftsmen with the comprehensive quality and ability of the rule of law consciousness,engineering ethics awareness and ecological consciousness.At this time,it is necessary to carry out the study of the master’s ability and quality of the engineering masters and improve the master’s training system.This is not only important.The theoretical significance,but also has a certain practical significance for deepening the comprehensive reform of the current engineering master’s degree education.For this reason,the main contents of this study are as follows.First,the related concepts,theories and ideas of the master’s ability of engineering graduates are reviewed.(1)Relevant concepts,such as the concept and composition of competence,the meaning and characteristics of quality;(2)Theoretical basis,the concept of large engineering includes basic overview and its theoretical composition(including major professional quality,comprehensive ability and engineering ethics),Competency theory involves the definition of competency,the structural model of competency(including the basic model of competency,the construction method of the model);(3)the engineering education thought,involving engineering education ideas in the United States,Europe and Japan.The second is to analyze the status quo of the ability of engineering graduate students in China.(1)In the development history and reform measures of China’s engineering master’s education,the development process includes four stages:engineering master’s education exploration period,start-up period,stable development period and prosperity period.The reform measures include the establishment of the National Engineering Master’s Professional Steering Committee and the new Increase the access system of engineering fields,formulate professional degree standards for engineering masters,etc.;(2)The requirements and characteristics of the training of the master’s ability of engineering in China,and analyze the development planning,guidance and other policies of relevant engineering education promulgated by the State Council and the Ministry of Education.The text summarizes the four characteristics of the training objectives,the application of the curriculum,the basic and frontier of the curriculum,the implementation of the dual tutor system,and the combination of the production and learning methods.(3)The main problems in the cultivation of the master’s ability and quality.There are problems such as"cultivation positioning dwarf,lack of value cognition","the same curriculum,dual tutor system","practical practice is lacking,and the form of the paper is single".The third is to design the capacity structure of engineering masters in China.(1)The master’s ability and quality structure design under the view of large engineering,including the four major divisions of the major engineering field(industry classification,occupation classification,professional classification,subject classification),seven major engineering fields and three aspects of training objectives(2)The design of the master’s ability and quality structure based on the competency theory,including the establishment basis(the competency of knowledge,skills and attitudes,the general talent standard of the excellent engineer education training plan,etc.),the competency and quality structure(two major knowledge requirements,Three quality requirements,five major requirements).Fourth,an empirical analysis of the competency and quality structure of engineering graduate students was carried out.(1)Questionnaire research,including data source and variable measurement,engineering graduate student ability structure exploration(exploratory factor analysis,ability and quality structure measurement),structural equation model construction(validation factor analysis and path analysis,observation variables and potential Variable relationship analysis,relationship analysis between exogenous latent variables),Ordinal regression analysis(parallel line test and model fitting results,parameter estimation results of Ordinal model);(2)In-depth interview analysis,including interviewee establishment,interview Outline design and analysis of interview results.Finally,the reform proposals for the engineering master’s training system are proposed,as well as the research summary of this paper.The reform proposals mainly include three aspects:"clarifying the core concept,improving the training standards","improving the curriculum system,building a strong faculty team","deepening the combination of industry and education,and strengthening degree management";the research summary includes research limitations and prospects.更多还原