【作者】 李海燕；

【导师】 杨洪涛；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2020， 博士

【摘要】 在目前高度全球化的市场背景以及动态快节奏竞争的全球格局下,新创企业参与国际创业活动已成为管理者重要的战略行动之一。国际创业活动不仅为新创企业提供了开拓国外市场的机会,而且提高了所在行业的经济稳健性和国际竞争力。鉴于其与经济增长和转型的关系,国际创业吸引了政策制定者和学者们的广泛关注。除各国政府采取不同战略支持新创企业参与国际创业活动外,国际创业研究也成为一个越来越重要的研究领域。在过去的二十年里,国际创业研究得到了很大的增长,相关研究致力于探讨新创企业国际创业活动的驱动因素。然而,目前文献主要集中从企业或个体微观层面解释国际创业活动,并不能完全解释为什么不同国家参与国际创业活动的新创企业比例不同。因此,在解释国家层面国际创业活动的差异时应重视宏观层面的制度环境因素。最近兴起的比较创业国际化研究流中开始关注制度环境对国际创业活动的影响,然而有关制度环境如何发挥作用仍然缺乏综合的理论模型和系统的实证分析。由于国际创业活动的复杂性,研究多层面因素的互动关系有助于充分解释国家层面国际创业活动的差异,进而推动国际创业研究。鉴于此,本文整合制度理论、社会网络理论和国际创业理论,以研究宏观和微观层面互动关系公认的Coleman“Bathtub”(宏观-微观-宏观关系)框架为基础,形成了“宏观制度前因-微观社会网络-微观行动结果-宏观结果”的分析框架。从多层面互动视角深入剖析制度环境是否影响以及如何影响国际创业活动,使政策制定者可以更好地指导和鼓励新创企业参与国际创业活动。首先,确定了本文的相关概念。本文在系统梳理和总结国际创业活动、制度环境、社会网络等相关研究视角和理论的基础上,界定了国际创业活动、社会网络以及制度环境等相关概念和维度;对本文关键变量涉及的相关理论进行评述,分析了不同理论之间的逻辑关系,确定了支持本文关键变量之间关系的相关理论;基于Coleman的“Bathtub”框架,提出了“宏观制度前因-微观社会网络-微观行动结果-宏观结果”的分析框架,并分析了各研究内容之间的关系。第二,从宏观层面分析了制度环境和国家层面国际创业活动之间的关系,阐明制度环境是否影响国家层面国际创业活动。此部分探讨了绩效文化、社会支持文化、创业社会价值和治理质量四个关键制度环境维度如何影响国家层面国际创业活动。利用全球创业观察、全球领导力和组织行为有效性项目、世界银行世界治理指数获取国家层面的数据进行实证分析,揭示了解释国家层面国际创业活动差异的制度前因。第三,从跨层面分析了制度环境和社会网络之间的关系,形成解释宏观层面制度环境如何影响国家层面国际创业活动的跨层面路径。此部分探讨了绩效文化、社会支持文化、创业社会价值和治理质量不同制度环境维度如何单独以及交互影响新创企业正式和非正式社会网络;利用来自不同制度环境国家的数据进行实证分析,阐明宏观层面制度环境如何塑造微观层面不同类型的社会网络。第四,从微观层面探讨了社会网络和新创企业国际创业活动之间的关系,形成解释宏观层面制度环境如何影响国家层面国际创业活动的微观层面路径。此部分首先提出正式和非正式社会网络对新创企业国际创业活动的直接影响假设。进一步调查了制度发展水平(金融资本的可得性、创业教育质量、普遍信任和平等性)对上述关系的调节作用;接着使用多层次逻辑回归分析方法进行实证研究,揭示了不同类型社会网络在新创企业国际创业活动中的作用以及制度发展水平如何通过替代、补充和解锁社会网络资源来影响新创企业国际创业活动。第五,从多层面整合分析了制度环境、社会网络与新创企业国际创业活动的关系,形成解释宏观层面制度环境如何影响国家层面国际创业活动的多层面整合路径。在上文研究基础上,对制度环境、社会网络和新创企业国际创业活动三者关系进行系统分析,为本文的整体理论模型提供进一步的论证。揭示了宏观层面制度环境如何通过塑造微观层面的社会网络进而影响新创企业国际创业活动,新创企业国际创业活动加总聚合到国家层面,最终反映为国家层面国际创业活动,从而从根本上解释国家层面国际创业活动差异这一现象。最后,提出了促进国际创业活动的对策。根据研究结论,从宏观层面、微观层面和宏观微观层面结合三方面提出推动新创企业参与国际创业活动的对策和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Faced with the highly globalized market and the dynamic pattern of currently global competition,new ventures involving the international entrepreneurship have become one of the most important strategies.Being actively in international entrepreneurship not only provides competitive advantages for new ventures,but also improves the economic stability and international competitiveness of their industries.Considering its important role in economic growth and transformation,international entrepreneurship has attracted extensive attention from both policy makers and scholars.In addition to policies adopted by governments to support new ventures to involve in international entrepreneurship,international entrepreneurship research has become an increasingly important research field.In the past two decades,international entrepreneurship research has devoted to finding out factors that drive new ventures to choose early internationalization from their inception.However,the literature mainly focuses on explaining international entrepreneurship from the micro-level of firms or individuals,leading to the unexplained phenomenon that the proportion of new ventures involving in international entrepreneurship is different across countries.Therefore,when explaining this phenomenon,more attention should be paid to macro-level institutional factors.As documented by the literature in comparative entrepreneurship internationalization research stream,institutional environments play the critical role in the international entrepreneurship.However,there is still a lack of comprehensive theoretical model and empirical analysis on how institutional environments play a role.This neglect may make it difficult to fully explain why international entrepreneurship vary greatly different across countries.Due to the complexity of international entrepreneurial activities,studying the interaction of multi-level factors can help fully explain the differences of international entrepreneurial activities at the national level,and then promote international entrepreneurial research.To address these gaps,based on Coleman’s "Bathtub" framework,which is generally accepted to study the interaction between macro and micro levels,this research proposes the framework of "macro institutional antecedents-micro social networks-micro actions-macro results".Using this framework,this research analyzes whether and how the institutional environments affect international entrepreneurship,aiming to help policy makers to gain better understanding of how to guide new ventures to involve in international entrepreneurship.First,the concepts of key variables are defined.Through the review on the international entrepreneurship,institutional environments and social networks,this research defines the concepts and dimensions of these variables;The theories used to analyze the relationship between key variables are determined by elaborating the theories and analyzing the relationship between them;Based on Coleman’s "bathtub" framework,this research proposes the analysis framework of "macro institutional antecedents-micro social networks-micro actions-macro results",and then analyzes the logic of whole paper.Second,the relationship between institutional environments and international entrepreneurship from the macro-level has been analyzed in the first study,aiming to reveal whether institutional environments affect international entrepreneurship at the national level.This section discussed how the four key institutional environment dimensions(performance-based culture,social supportive culture,entrepreneurial social value and governance quality)affect international entrepreneurship at the national level.Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor,Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness,and World Bank World Governance Index to obtain data at the national level for the empirical analysis,this section revealed the institutional antecedents that explain the differences in international entrepreneurship across countries.Third,the relationship between the macro-level institutional environments and the micro-level social networks has been analyzed in the second study,aiming to form a macromicro level path to explain the macro-level relationship in the first study.This section discussed how the different institutional environment dimensions(performance-based culture,social supportive culture,entrepreneurial social value and governance quality)shape the formal and informal social networks of new ventures;Data from different institutional environments countries was used to conduct empirical analysis,providing the results to shed light on how institutional environments shape the social networks at micro-level.Fourth,the relationship between social networks and international entrepreneurship of new ventures at the micro-level has been analyzed in the third study,aiming to form a micro-level path to explain the macro-level relationship in the first study.This section firstly proposed the hypothesis of the impact of formal and informal social networks on the international entrepreneurship of new ventures.Then,the moderating roles of institutional development(Availability of financial capital,Entrepreneurship education quality,General trust and Egalitarianism)were further investigated;The method of multi-level logistic regression was used to test proposed hypotheses.The results revealed the role of social networks in the international entrepreneurship of new ventures and how the institutional development affects the international entrepreneurship through replacing,supplementing and unlocking the resources within social networks.Fifth,a multi-level integration study was performed to analyze the relationships among institutional environments,social networks and international entrepreneurship of new ventures.This section was aimed to form the overall path to explain the macro-level relationship in the first study.On the basis of the above studies,the relationships among the institutional environments,social networks and international entrepreneurship were systematically analyzed,thereby providing further proof for the overall theoretical model.This section revealed how the macro-level institutional environments affect the international entrepreneurship of new ventures through shaping the micro-level social networks.By virtue of aggregating the international entrepreneurship of new ventures at the micro-level to the national level,the differences of international entrepreneurship at the national level were finally explained.Finally,the countermeasures to promote international entrepreneurship were put forward from macro-level,micro-level and macro-micro level separately.更多还原