【作者】 张志强；

【导师】 倪国良；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 马克思主义理论·马克思主义中国化研究， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 人们的思想认识来源于实践,又反作用于实践,正确的思想认识从来不是与生俱来、一蹴而就的,它的形成离不开科学理论与实践探索相结合的引导。宗教是人类社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物,既是一种人的社会意识、观念形态,也在社会发展的各个阶段以不同的形态存在着,因而不同的人们对于它的认识也就参差不齐。分布于我国西北民族地区的部分少数民族,历史上由于政治、经济、社会、文化等方面原因,其内部多数人受到伊斯兰教或藏传佛教的影响,但从历史脉络及现实生活角度来看,两者之间既存在一定联系又具有显著区别。西北少数民族青年生机勃勃、思维活跃,正处在成长成才的关键阶段,同时世界观、人生观、价值观尚未成熟,由于成长环境所具有的特殊性,例如较易受到宗教文化因素等多元影响,因此需要通过引导培养他们树立马克思主义宗教观。马克思主义和社会主义道路在中国的成功开辟,使得科学社会主义在21世纪焕发出新的蓬勃生机,也证成了马克思主义中国化理论之于中国实践的正确指导意义。按照这一“伟大的认识工具”的宗教观,宗教作为人类精神生活的一部分,作为社会的思想上层建筑的一部分,是人类社会生活过程在人们头脑中的曲折反映,归根到底依赖于人类的物质生活过程,为人类的社会生活即生产力和生产关系、经济基础和上层建筑的矛盾运动所决定。正是这一不断发展的开放的科学理论体系,比以往任何一种宗教观都更为正确地把握了宗教,从而实现了宗教观历史上的深刻变革。马克思主义宗教观集中反映在马克思、恩格斯关于宗教的思想之中,也反映在同时代和之后赞同并用以研究宗教问题的人们的思想之中,中国化马克思主义宗教观就是这一科学理论结合中国实践的赓续发展。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的宗教观,是21世纪的马克思主义宗教观,是马克思主义宗教观中国化的新飞跃,是教育引导西北少数民族青年树立马克思主义宗教观的根本遵循。“要加强对青少年的科学世界观宣传教育,引导他们相信科学、学习科学、传播科学,树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观。”习近平在2016年全国宗教工作会议上的讲话,把培养青少年树立科学宗教观作为宗教工作重点之一,作为“主要矛盾”和必须要解决的“突出问题”看待。通过科学理论引领树立马克思主义宗教观,关涉西北少数民族青年的健康成长成才,关涉平等团结互助和谐新型民族关系的构建和巩固,关涉社会主义现代化强国的建设进程,关涉“两个一百年”奋斗目标和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的最终实现,是必须要重视和落实的一项立德树人根本任务。实践证明,树立马克思主义的正确宗教观重在引导。那么,如何引导西北少数民族青年运用马克思主义的立场、观点和方法,去正确认识宗教文化与传统习俗、国家的政策法规和社会主义核心价值观等之间的关系呢?这是一个不容忽视、必须予以密切关注和及时解答的重要时代命题。概而言之,西北少数民族青年对宗教问题的总体看法与时代进步相契合,与中国特色社会主义的发展要求相适应,但也由于各种现实因素的影响而存在一定的不平衡性。因此,为了促进他们的健康成长成才,培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人,研究如何以科学理论与实践创新相结合引导树立马克思主义宗教观等问题,就具有十分重要的现实针对性与学术研究意义。除了导论,本研究全文共分为五章。第一章是对树立马克思主义宗教观的理论依据的系统阐释,通过探寻马克思主义宗教观中国化的理论进路,深切领悟了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想宗教观的科学内涵;第二章回溯了中国共产党在不同历史时期的引导实践,总结了引导实践的辉煌成就与有益经验;第三章是对西北少数民族青年宗教观念现状的调查分析;第四章在整理归纳调查数据的基础之上,论证了西北少数民族青年树立马克思主义宗教观的必要性和紧迫性;基于上述实证调研与学理分析,本文第五章提出了引导西北少数民族青年树立马克思主义宗教观的时代要求与对策建议。本研究全文贯穿辩证唯物主义历史唯物主义世界观和方法论,坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,以不断发展的马克思主义宗教观中国化理论与实践为基础,紧密结合我们党在不同历史时期的理论创新与实践探索,针对西北少数民族青年对宗教等问题的观念现状及特点,通过问卷调查、个别访谈、组织座谈、数据分析、文献研究等方式,既有对实践引导成就与经验的总结凝炼,也有对西北少数民族青年思想认识现状及引导不足的调研分析,为进一步探索如何引导树立正确的马克思主义宗教观奠定了坚实基础。本文从思想认识方面的主要问题、影响树立马克思主义宗教观的不利因素和引导树立马克思主义宗教观的不足之处等三个方面,深入剖析了西北少数民族青年树立马克思主义宗教观所面临的考验与挑战,建议通过正确、科学、合理的协同创新与完善,以引导他们树立马克思主义宗教观,促进他们健康成长成才,培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。更多还原

【Abstract】 People’s ideological understanding comes from practice and reacts on practice,while the correct is never born and accomplished overnight,and also its formation cannot be separated from the guidance of the combination of scientific theories and practical exploration.Religion is the product of the development of human society to a certain historical stage.It is not only a kind of human social consciousness and ideology,but also exists in different forms in various stages of social development.Therefore,different people have different understandings of it.Due to political,economic,social,cultural and other reasons,most of the ethnic minorities in northwest China have been influenced by Islam or Tibetan Buddhism.However,from the perspective of historical context and real life,there are both certain connections and significant differences between them.The northwest minority youth who are in the key stage of growing up,are full of vitality and active thinking,while their outlook on world,life and values is not yet mature at the same time.Due to the particularity of environment,such as more easily affected by multiple factors such as religion,they need to be guided through education and cultivation to set up Marxist religious view.The successful opening of the road of Marxism and socialism in China has made scientific socialism full of new vigor and vitality in the 21 st century,which has also proved the correct guiding significance of the theories of sinicization of Marxism in China’s practice.In accordance with the "great understanding tool",as a part of human spiritual life and the ideas of the social superstructure,religion is the tortuous reflection of human social life process in people’s mind,which finally depends on the process of human material life and is determined by the contradiction movement of human social life,namely,productivity and production relations,economic basis and superstructure.It is this developing and open system of the scientific theory that has grasped religion more correctly than any other religious views in the past,thus realizing the profound reform of religious views in history.Marxist religious view is mainly reflected in the thoughts of Marx and Engels on religion,and also reflected in the thoughts of contemporary and later people who agree with and use to study religious issues,and Sinicized Marxist religious view is the continuous development of this scientific theory combined with Chinese practice.The religious view of Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a newera is Marxist religious view in the 21 st century,a new leap in the sinicization of Marxist religious view,and a fundamental guidance for the northwest minority youth to set up Marxist religious view."We should strengthen publicity and education of teenagers’ scientific world outlook,guide them to believe in science,study science and spread science,and set up correct world outlook,outlook on life and values." In his speech at the 2016 national conference on religious work,Xi made the cultivation of scientific religious view among young people one of the priorities of religious work,treating it as the major contradictions and outstanding problems that must be solved.Guiding the northwest minority youth to set up Marxist religious view through scientific theories,relating to their healthy growth and success,mattering the construction and consolidation of the new socialist ethnic relations featuring equality,unity,mutual assistance and harmony,involving the construction process of socialist modernization power,regarding "Two Centenary Goals " and final realization of Chinese Dream,is a fundamental task of cultivating virtue that must be attached importance to and implemented.Practice has proved that it is important to set up Marxist religious view of Marxism,then,how to guide the northwest minority youth to use the Marxist position,viewpoint and method to correctly understand the relationship between religion and traditional customs,national policies and regulations and socialist core values and so on? This is an important proposition of the times that cannot be ignored and must be paid close attention to and answered in time.In a word,the northwest minority youth’s general views on religious issues are consistent with the progress of the times and the requirements of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics,but which are also unbalanced due to various practical factors.Therefore,in order to promote their healthy growth and success,cultivate moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetic and labor all-round development of socialist builders and successors,studying how to guide the northwest minority youth to set up Marxist religious view through scientific theories and practice of innovation,has a very important practical pertinence and academic research significance.In addition to the introduction,this study is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is a systematic explanation of the theoretical basis for the northwest minority youth to set up Marxist religious view.By exploring the theoretical approach of sinicization of Marxist religious view,the scientific connotation of Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is deeply understood.The second chapter retrospects the guiding practice of CPC in different historical periods and summarizes the brilliant achievements and beneficial experience of guiding practice.The third chapter is the investigation and analysis of the present situation of the religious concept of the minority youth in northwest China.The fourth chapter,on the basis of summarizing the survey data,demonstrates the necessity and realistic urgency of guiding the northwest minorityyouth to set up Marxist religious view.Based on the above empirical research and theoretical analysis,the fifth chapter puts forward the requirements of the times and suggestions for countermeasure to guide the northwest minority youth to set up Marxist religious view.Guided by Xi Jinping thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era,based on the theory and practice of sinicization of the ever-developing Marxist religious view,combining closely with the theoretical innovation and practical exploration of our party in different historical periods,running through the dialectical materialism and historical materialism worldview and methodology,aiming at the current situation and characteristics of the northwest minority youth’s concept of religion and other issues,this study not only summarizes and condenses the achievements and experience of practical guidance,but also investigates and analyzes the current situation of the ideological understanding and insufficient guidance of the northwest minority youth by means of questionnaire survey,individual interview,panel discussion,data analysis and literature research,which lays a solid foundation for further exploring how to guide to set up Marxist religious view.From the three aspects of main problems of ideological understanding,unfavorable factors that affects to set up Marxist religious view and deficiencies in correct guidance and so on,this study deeply analyzes the tests and challenges that the northwest minority youth are facing,and suggests to cultivate them to set up Marxist religious view by correct,scientific and reasonable collaborative innovation and perfection,to guide them to set up Marxist religious view,promote their healthy growth and success,and cultivate socialist builders and successors who are well developed morally,intellectually,physically,aesthetically and physically.更多还原