【作者】 李娜；

【导师】 陈作松；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 体育产业发展“十三五”规划指出8大“重点行业”的推进工作,体育彩票行业位列其中。随后,国家体育总局正式印发《体育彩票发展“十三五”规划》(以下简称“规划”),统计显示体育彩票年销量从2010年的694亿元增加至2015年的1664亿元,自2012年以来年销量均超过千亿元。“十二五”期间累计发行销售6799亿元,比“十一五”期间的总销量增长180%,累计筹集公益金1762亿元,为体育事业和社会公益事业做出了巨大贡献。然而,体育彩票繁荣发展背后却暗藏危机,如体育彩民的风险决策、问题彩民的产生等问题,上述问题都可能阻碍体育彩票业的健康发展,因此体育彩民群体应给予高度关注。连续统一体理论指出购彩行为发生在一个连续统一体中,问题博彩严重指数(PGSI)据此将彩民划分为非问题彩民、低风险彩民、中等风险彩民和问题彩民。目前,体育博彩研究领域学者大多聚焦于问题彩民的形成机理和治疗技术,意在通过治疗手段降低问题彩民的检出率。而对问题彩民的早期识别缺乏深入研究,尤其是针对有效识别具有高易感性和成瘾倾向的重点人群。依据PGSI的鉴别标准,中等风险彩民是演化成问题彩民的“高危人群”,故探析中等风险彩民转化为问题彩民的关键因素是重点。在消费心理和行为研究领域的成果显示,冲动性不仅是问题行为发生与维持的核心要素,还是促使个体由正常消费行为转变为问题消费行为的关键。从成瘾行为的发生发展机制看,成瘾的表现可能是从早期的冲动机制逐渐向后期的强迫机制的转移。因此,抑制购彩冲动性或许能阻止中等风险彩民向问题彩民转化。本研究拟通过定性与定量相结合的研究方法对购彩冲动性做深入分析。首先,在连续统一体理论和相关研究成果基础上,采用扎根理论研究方法构建购彩冲动性的影响因素模型,分析购彩冲动性在购彩行为演变过程中的作用。其次,从整体观出发,运用Barrat-11量表评估中等风险彩民的特质冲动性及Stroop任务评估中等风险彩民的状态冲动性,以确定中等风险彩民的购彩冲动性结构与特点。第三,通过问卷调查检验认知偏差、认知风格、自我控制对特质冲动性的影响。最后,使用双任务实验范式来探索认知偏差、认知风格、自我损耗对状态冲动性的影响。本研究的主要发现及结论如下:(1)中等风险彩民购彩冲动性的影响因素模型的路径是内部驱动因素和外部驱动因素促使彩民产生购彩行为反应和情绪反应,随后由认知偏差和认知风格两个认知因素在感知风险和自我控制两个调节变量的影响下触发了购彩冲动性,这种冲动性会刺激彩民持续加大投入。该研究结果证实购彩冲动性在购彩行为演进过程中发挥着关键作用,是诱使中等风险彩民持续加大投入的核心要素。(2)中等风险彩民的购彩冲动性包括特质冲动性和状态冲动性,其中状态冲动性的情绪成分尤为突出。(3)中等风险彩民的自我控制、认知风格与特质冲动性负相关,认知偏差与特质冲动性正相关。自我控制不仅在认知偏差与特质冲动性之间起着调节作用,还在认知风格与特质冲动性之间起着调节作用。(4)在正常情境下,认知偏差和认知风格对彩民的状态冲动性无影响。在损耗情境下,高、低认知偏差彩民在高损耗状态下均会产生较高水平的状态冲动性,且高认知偏差彩民的状态冲动性水平高于低认知偏差彩民;场独立型和场依存型彩民在高损耗状态下均产生较高水平的状态冲动性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sports industry development for its 13th Five Year Plan points out eight key professions,sports lottery industry included.Sports lottery development for its 13th Five Year Plan points out that the sales of sports lottery jump to 166.4 billion RMB in 2015.since 2012 the sports lottery generates annual sales of over 100 billion RMB.During the 12th Five-Year Plan period,the sports lottery generates sales of 679.9 billion RMB,up 180%from the 11th Five Year Plan;about 176.2 billion RMB raised which contribution to the cause of sports.However,behind the prosperity of sports lottery industry,there are many problems,such as the problem consumer,which could stop development of sports lottery industry.We should pay high attention to sports lottery consumer.Continuum theory indicates that lottery purchasing behavior occurs on a continuum.According to the theory,the Problem Gambling Severity Index divide gamblers into non-gambler,non-problem gambler,low risk gambler,moderate risk gambler,problem gambler.Unfortunately,the present studies focus on problem gamblers formation mechanism and treatment techniques,do not pay too much attention to moderate risk gamblers.According to PGSI,moderate risk gamblers are most likely to become problem gamblers.In fact,pay attention to this group has the guiding function and warning function for prevention work of problem gambling.Impulsivity is the key risk factor of problem gambling and the important feature of risk decision-making.Past researches have shown that impulsivity is the core factor of initiation and maintenance of problem behaviors.Both the domestic and foreign researches tend to focus on the gambling impulsivity while neglect it as risk gamblers’ gambling impulsivity.Restraining impulsivity may restrain that moderate risk gamblers evolve into problem gambler.On the basis of qualitative and quantitative research method,a deep analysis on gambling impulsivity is given.First,the current study establishes the model of gambling impulsivity factors with the grounded theory method.Second,according to the theory of whole view,the current study examines the impulsivity characteristic of moderate risk gamblers with the questionnaire survey method and cognitive tasks.Third,the current study examines self-control,cognitive bias,cognitive style have the impact on trait impulsivity with related statistical method.Finally,the current study examines ego depletion,cognitive bias,cognitive style have the impact on state impulsivity with dual-task paradigm(1)The dynamic processes of moderate risk gamblers’ impulsivity.The grounded theory method show that external factors have the inducing effect and internal factors have leading role,cognitive bias,cognitive style and self-control is very outstanding in the forming process of moderate risk gamblers’ impulsivity.(2)The gambling impulsivity of moderate risk gamblers.The current study show that the moderate risk gamblers are associated with trait impulsivity and state impulsivity in the affective domains,but not state impulsivity in the cognitive domains.(3)Self-control,cognitive bias,cognitive styles have the impact on trait impulsivity.The current study show the relationship between cognitive bias and trait impulsivity was moderated by self-control;the relationship between cognitive style and trait impulsivity was moderated by self-control.(4)Ego depletion,cognitive bias,cognitive styles have the impact on state impulsivity.The current study show that cognitive bias and cognitive styles have no impact on state impulsivity under the normal situation;cognitive bias and cognitive styles have impact on state impulsivity under the under high ego depletion situation,there was significant group(high cognitive bias gamblers v.s.low cognitive bias gamblers)differences in performance on Stroop Word Face Test,there was no significant group(field-dependent gamblers v.s.field-independent gamblers)differences in performance on Stroop Word Face Test.In conclusion,there was a higher state impulsivity for cognitive bias gamblers and cognitive style gamblers under the high ego depletion.更多还原