【作者】 张琪；

【导师】 苏玉亮；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学(华东) ， 油气田开发工程， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 在燃料能源变革的新时代,“水平井+水力压裂技术”促使页岩油气成为新的开发热点。页岩储层孔隙结构复杂、烃类储集形式多样、孔隙介质尺度跨度大,常规渗流理论已无法准确模拟页岩油气流动,建立一套考虑页岩油气藏特性及开发特点的流动模拟方法意义重大。本论文提出了基于页岩油气微观渗流机理的宏观流动模拟和产能分析方法。首先,根据微纳米孔隙内油气运移机制,完善现有理论及表征模型,基于多孔介质参数(孔隙度和迂曲度),建立了无机和有机多孔介质内页岩油气运移数学表征模型,揭示了不同类型多孔介质内油气的耦合传输机制。其次,引入有机孔隙含量,分别提出了页岩油气藏基质表观渗透率数学表征模型,分析了气体(粘性流、努森扩散、吸附及表面扩散)和原油(粘性流、速度滑移及物理吸附)微观运移机制对页岩油气表观渗透率的影响及贡献度。第三,分别基于椭圆和分形SRV,建立了页岩油气藏压裂直井双孔单渗解析模型,分析了压裂直井压力响应和产能影响因素,并提出了基于压裂直井典型曲线的SRV尺寸估算方法;同时,基于离散裂缝模型(DFM模型)和页岩油气藏基质表观渗透率模型,分别建立了页岩油气藏压裂直井双孔双渗数值模型(基质-天然裂缝-人工裂缝耦合),分析了产能影响因素,对比解析与数值模型结果,形成了页岩油气藏压裂直井流动模拟及产能分析方法。第四,分别基于线性流动假设和点源函数,建立了页岩气藏分段压裂水平井线性流动和复合流动双孔单渗解析模型,分析了分段压裂水平井压力响应和产能影响因素;同时,基于DFM模型和页岩油气藏基质表观渗透率模型,分别建立了页岩油气藏分段压裂水平井双孔双渗数值模型(双重介质模型和复合储层模型),分析了基质、天然裂缝、人工裂缝参数和改造模式对产能的影响,对比不同模型结果,形成了页岩油气藏分段压裂水平井流动模拟及产能分析方法。最后,形成了基于解析模型和ES-MDA算法的自动生产拟合方法;根据矿场数据与数值模型,分析了页岩油气藏不同井型-缝网组合的“井工厂”模式产能变化,实现了页岩油气藏压裂井数学模型的应用。本论文形成了一套页岩油气流动模拟及产能分析方法,为页岩油气的进一步高效开发提供了理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the new era of fuel energy transformation,“Horizontal well and Hydraulic fracturing” has made shale oil and gas become a new development hot spot.Due to the complex pores structure,various hydrocarbon storage forms and large span of porous media,the conventional flow theory has been unable to simulate the oil and gas flow in shale reservoirs accurately.Therefore,it is of great significance to establish a set of flow simulation methods considering the characteristics and development features of shale oil and gas reservoirs.In this dissertation,the macro-scale flow simulation and productivity analysis methods based on the micro-scale transport mechanisms of shale oil and gas is presented.Firstly,according to the mechanisms of oil and gas transport in micro-scale pores,we improve the existing theory and models,and establish the mathematical models of shale oil and gas transport in inorganic and organic porous media respectively based on the porous meida parameters(porosity and tortuosity).Besides,we reveal coupling transmission mechanisms of oil and gas transport in different types of shale porous media.Secondly,the coupling mathematical models of shale oil and gas apparent permeability are proposed by introducing the organic pores content.In addition,the influences of the micro-scale oil and gas transport mechanisms(viscous flow,Knudsen diffusion,surface diffusion,velocity slip and physical adsorption)on the shale oil and gas apparent permeability and the contributions of them to the shale oil and gas apparent permeability are analyzed.Thirdly,based on the elliptical SRV and the fractal SRV,the dual-porosity and single-permeability models for the vertically fractured wells(VFWs)in shale gas and oil reservoirs are developed.The influence factors of the pressure response and productivity of VFWs are analyzed,and the method for estimating SRV size based on the typcal curve of the VFW in shale reservoirs is presented.Meanwhile,based on the discrete fractured model(DFM)and apparent permeability models,the dual-porosity and dual-permeability models for the VFW in shale reserovirs with coupling the matrix-natural fractureshydraulic fractures are developed.The influence factors of the VFW productivity are analyzed and the results of analytical and numerical models are compared.The flow simulation and productivity analysis methods of VFW in shale reservoirs are presented.Fourthly,based on linear flow assumptions and point source function,the linear flow and composited flow dualporosity and single-permeabiltiy models for multistage fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs)in shale reservoirs are established.The influence factors of the pressure response and productivity of MFHWs are analyzed.Meanwhile,according to the DFM model and apparent permeability models,the dual-porosity and dual-permeability models for MFHWs in shale reserovirs including dual-porosity media model and composited reservoir model are proposed.The effects of the parameters of matrix,natural fractures,hydraulic fractures and SRV patterns on the MFHW productivity are studied,and the results of various models are compared.The flow simulation and productivity analysis methods of MFHWs in shale reservoirs are developed.Finally,based on the ES-MDA automatic history matching technique,the method of automatic history matching using the analytical flow models is presented.According to the field data and numerical flow models,the rate performance of different “multi-well pad” with coupling various well types and fractures networks is studied.The effective methods for the macro-scale flow simulation and productivity analysis of shale oil and gas are developed,which provides a theoretical guidance for the furtherly effective development of shale reservoirs.更多还原