【作者】 马鹏；

【导师】 蔡双立；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经大学 ， 企业管理， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 通过建立企业间正式和非正式的网络关系而寻求网络化成长成为在复杂的全球化商业环境下企业重要的成长方式和策略,网络化发展正处于令人兴奋的发展起点。研究者分别从网络资源整合、能力互补、租金获取等角度展开了相关研究,然而这些研究多关注企业网络化成长中的正面效应,诸如:生产协同、结构洞富集、规模经济与范围经济兼得以及经验与学习曲线放大等效应。而对网络关系所带来的“过度嵌入”、“群体思维”、“关系异变与衰退”等负面效应重视不够。这些负面效应形成了“关系不稳定之谜”,表现为组织间关系冲突。由此可见,嵌入网络组织中的企业成长不仅是一个集体创造价值、享受累积福利的过程,更需要在此过程中不断地协调矛盾和解决冲突。相比较单纯探讨网络化成长的正效应,良好的负面关系管理对成功商业关系互动影响更为有效,而其中冲突管理方式的选择和有效运用则影响这种合作关系的优劣。现有研究多依据西方冲突理论,重点关注了整合式或合作式冲突管理策略,然而中国儒家传统文化价值观下,规避冲突往往是企业管理者面对关系冲突中的理性现实选择,凸显了冲突回避策略在中国本土化管理实践中的价值。论文在网络化成长和中国本土化冲突管理实践的背景下,提出组织间冲突回避策略选择的基本问题,探讨其动机、行为、有效性和转换机制等相关子问题,并严格依据系统科学的思想对所提出的基本问题展开研究。首先,在系统回顾和梳理组织间冲突、中国社会关系特征、网络嵌入性理论和冲突回避策略的相关文献的基础上,分析现有研究存在的理论缺口和不足,明确了研究主要的切入点和关键问题。其次,通过文献回顾、理论演绎、深度访谈,提出了冲突回避策略的动机、行为和效果的主效应逻辑链条,分析了网络嵌入性对冲突回避动机的作用,考察了关系取向、冲突感知特性和任务互依性对冲突回避策略有效性的作用边界,并由此构建了概念模型提出相关假设。再次,以制造业企业为主要研究对象开展实证研究,共收集276份有效数据,利用SPSS 20.0和AMOS20.0统计软件,采用路径分析和层次回归方法对概念模型中的主效应和调节效应进行检验,实证研究结果支持了概念模型提出的大部分假设。最后,借鉴演化博弈思想,尝试采用微分方程组求稳定解的方式,探讨了冲突回避策略选择的动态机制。论文最后归纳整理研究结论,凝练出理论贡献,提出了企业间合作关系冲突管理的实践启示,分析了研究的主要缺憾与不足及研究展望。本研究的主要结论包括:(1)中国儒家文化的集体主义“和谐”价值观是冲突回避策略产生的重要动因,相比较基于负面预期理性算计的表面和谐动机而言,表现为追求利益最大化和关注远期收益的中庸思维水平对冲突回避行为的作用更为显著。(2)网络结构嵌入在中观层面影响冲突回避策略的选择,并与文化价值观动因存在差异性的交互作用。反映网络关系紧密性的网络密度在文化价值观动机和冲突回避行为的关系之间的负向作用不显著;而反映网络集中度的网络中心性对表面和谐动机与冲突回避行为关系中则具有显著的正向促进作用,而对中庸思维的调节作用不显著。这既表明相对于信息沟通和关系亲密性而言,网络权力对冲突回避选择的影响更大,又进一步证实了中庸思维是冲突回避的强情境线索,是其产生的充分条件。(3)在中国本土化的管理实践中,冲突回避行为有助于组织间关系质量的维护和提升。而这种影响在情感型关系取向下更为显著,而工具型关系取向则削弱这种作用。从感知视角看,冲突非对称性在冲突回避行为和组织间关系质量之间的影响不显著,而作为合作主观需求性的任务互依性的正向影响显著。(4)演化博弈分析表明冲突回避策略选择源于在企业对回避付出成本、关系收益和合作超额收益之间做出的理性权衡,在时间轴上企业会依据以上三者的初始状态并根据冲突对方的反应策略,通过模拟、学习来不断修正、调整和切换自身的冲突反应策略,灵活地把握回避策略的限度与时效。对比现有文献和研究成果,本研究将网络结构嵌入纳入到冲突管理分析框架中,既拓展了嵌入性理论的应用范畴又推动了冲突管理研究的范式转换;从文化价值观视角对冲突回避行为的重新界定,区分了主动回避和被动回避行为,契合了中国本土化的冲突管理实践,丰富和补充了现有冲突管理理论,拉近了现实和理论的距离;从关系取向和感知特性视角考察了冲突回避策略的有效性边界,弥补了现有研究的理论缺口和不足;复杂观视角探究冲突回避策略的动态选择机制,分析了冲突回避策略选择的参考依据与动态过程,揭示了冲突回避策略的适用性条件和边界。更多还原

【Abstract】 Networking growth has become a paramount strategy for enterprises by linking formal and informal network relationships under the complicated globalization,the starting point of relevant researches of which has attracted much attentions accordingly.Relevant studies of resources integration,capability complement and rent acquisition from networking,etc have been conducted,focusing on the bright sides of it such as synchronous manufacturing,structural hole cluster,combination of economies of scale and economies of scope,magnification of the experience curve and the learning curve.However,the negative effects derived from networking relationship like over-embeddedness,group thinking,mutation and decay of relationship are attached less importance.The myth of instability incurred from the dark sides of relationship is considered as inter-firm conflict.Consequently,networking growth involves collective value creation and welfare acquisition,with the enterprises within it coordinating contradiction and resolving conflict simultaneously.Comparably,how to manage to negative relationship and offset its dark sides largely affect the effectiveness of business interaction,with manipulation and adoption of appropriate conflict resolutions determining the relationship quality within co-operation.Generally,western theorists emphasize the significance and effectiveness of integrated and cooperative conflict resolutions,while conflict avoidance,as a universal strategy applied in Chinese Confueian culture,is rationally regarded and preferred by Chinese entrepreneurs,which highlights its value in local industrial practice.This paper,under the circumstances of networking growth and management localization,points out the topic of adoption and application of conflict avoidance resolution within inter-firm conflict by discussion of its motives,behaviors,effectiveness and pattern shift directed by systematic scientific methodology.Firstly,this paper states the theoretical constraints through literature review of relevant researches on inter-firm conflict,features of Chinese Guanxi,embeddedness theory as well as conflict avoidance resolution,positing the rationale and viewpoint of this paper.Secondly,the research framework of motives,behaviors and effectiveness of conflict avoidance is constructed by theoretical deduction and depth interview,consequently analyzing the moderation effects of embeddedness on motives,and how relationship orientation,perceived conflict asymmetry and task independence affect the margin effects of this strategy on effectiveness.Thirdly,a empirical study is undertaken to exam the hypothesis through 276 samples from manufacturing industries by path analysis and hierarchy linear regression,with the result revealing that most of the hypothesis are proved.Finally,this paper conducts a evolutionary game analysis to produce equilibrium of conflict resolutions in order to illustrate the dynamic mechanism of the shift of conflict resolution styles.At the end,conclusions,contribution and implications are safely drawn accordingly,with analysis of constraints of this paper and pinpoint of the perspectives of further study.The conclusions of this paper include followings:(1)the harmony motive from Chinese Confucian values is the major determinant of conflict avoidance.Compared to avoidance disintegration derived from rational calculation of negative expectation,mediocre thinking arisen from benefit maximization and forward earnings plays a significant part in inducing conflict avoidance.(2)embeddedness,at the meso level,has effects on adoption of conflict avoidance style in inter-firm conflict,which shows discriminatory moderation effects on the application of this style with interaction with value motives.Specifically,there is less significant effect of interaction of values motives and network density on conflict avoidance behaviors,while the network centrality substantially promotes the relationship between the harmony motive of avoidance disintegration and conflict avoidance behaviors,but this kind of moderating impact is not remarkable on the relationship between the the motive of mediocre thinking and conflict avoidance behaviors.The differentiation reveals that power,compared to information sharing and intimate,exert more influence on the adoption of conflict avoidance,further proving that this conflict style is largely triggered by mediocre thinking as a strong context clue and sufficient condition.(3)the results also show that conflict avoidance,as an active resolution in China industrial practice,facilitates the maintenance and improvement of relationship quality amongst cooperators,with this effect strengthened by affective orientation atmosphere and weakened by instrumental orientation of that.From perception viewpoint,there is less significant negative moderating effect of perceived conflict asymmetry on effectiveness of it,compared to the positive moderating effect of task interdependence on that.(4)analysis of evolutionary game of different conflict resolution styles demonstrates that the adoption of conflict avoidance roots in the rational measure of costs,relation payouts and excessive earnings from cooperation.The enterprises involved in inter-firm conflict,with reference to those three factors combined with consideration of the reaction of counterpart,modify,adjust and shift their own conflict resolution styles accordingly by imitation and learning in order to optimize their the limitation and timeliness of avoidance.This paper,different from recent researches,introduces embeddedness into the framework to broaden the application of embeddedness theory and advocate the paradigm shift of conflict management;the revision of conflict avoidance behaviors from the perspective of culture values,with defining active and passive avoidance,tallies with the reality of China industrial practice,furthering advance of conflict management theory;introduction of relationship orientation and task interdependence to discuss the effectiveness of conflict avoidance bridges the gaps of current studies;the complexity perspective on study of dynamic shift mechanism of conflict resolution styles deepens the understanding of the adaptive conditions and application boundary of avoidance by analyzing the reference factors and evolutionary process.更多还原