【作者】 张莉；

【导师】 刘洪玉；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 发展绿色住宅是提高住房供给有效性和供给质量、促进房地产业供给侧改革的重要途径,也是贯彻落实绿色发展理念、提高城市宜居性的关键。虽然中国政府出台了一系列政策措施鼓励绿色住宅发展,但绿色住宅在新增住房供给中的占比依然有限。为此,有必要深入研究绿色住宅发展的动力机制,为促进中国绿色住宅发展提供重要的理论基础和策略指引。论文在系统梳理国内外已有研究的基础上,构建了分析绿色住宅发展动力机制的理论框架和模型。利用多维度数据从市场驱动、政策推动、信息助推三方面,对绿色住宅溢价和参与者经济可行性、绿色住宅供给的影响因素与规律、以及信息对绿色住宅需求的助推作用进行了实证研究。论文的主要研究结论有:(1)绿色住宅在中国新房市场上享有6.9%的溢价;该溢价足以补偿房地产开发企业的绿色增量成本;居民支付该溢价不仅是出于运行费用节约的考虑,还体现了对居住环境品质提升的需求;政府的绿色认证有效地发挥了市场信号作用;影响绿色住宅溢价的因素显著促进了绿色住宅供给的增加,其中与节能潜力相关的因素对高星级绿色住宅发展起到了重要作用。(2)政府与土地相关的激励政策和对购房者的财政补贴,对供给的推动作用最为显著;面向开发企业的补贴则有助于实现城市绿色住宅供给从无到有的突破,以及促进高星级绿色住宅供给;政府在保障性住房项目中的绿色实践产生了显著的示范和溢出效应。(3)缓解信息不对称对提升居民的绿色住宅需求和支付意愿具有重要影响,其中:反馈住宅运行现状对比指标可使非绿色住宅居民对绿色住宅的支付意愿提升34%,宣传绿色住宅的运行费用节约和舒适健康效益可使居民的支付意愿提升28%~37%,其中舒适健康信息更受居民关注。论文的主要政策建议有:(1)在整体偏紧的调控政策下,通过差异化的金融、税收和交易管制政策,促进绿色住宅市场各参与者经济可行性的实现,激发市场发展的内生动力。(2)将有限的财政资源优先用于激励居民租购绿色住宅,支持绿色住宅成套技术研发,支持开发企业进行运行阶段的绿色认证申报。(3)改善绿色住宅市场的信息透明度,以对比反馈和宣传教育等形式的信息干预,助推居民绿色住宅需求。(4)增加保障性住房项目绿色示范以引导绿色住宅供给,提升绿色住宅居住环境品质以引导绿色住宅需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Promoting green housing development is an important approach to improve the effectiveness and quality of housing supply,and to facilitate the supply-side reform of real estate industry.It is also the key to implement the green development concept and to improve the urban habitability.Although the Chinese government has enacted a wide variety of policies to encourage the development of green housing,green housing still only accounts for a small proportion of incremental housing supply.Therefore,it is crucial to investigate the driving mechanism of green housing development,thus providing a solid theoretical basis and strategic guidance to support the sound development of green housing in China.Based on a systematic review of the foreign and domestic existing literature,a theoretical framework with a model is established to analyze the driving mechanism of green housing development.Then,from the three aspects of market drivers,policy incentives,and information nudges,empirical analyses are conducted using several unique datasets to explore the price premium of green housing and the economic feasibility for major market participants,the influence factors and rules of green housing supply,as well as the impact of information nudges on green housing demand.This dissertation concludes in the following findings.(1)The officially green-certified housing projects enjoy a significant price premium of 6.9% compared to their non-certified counterparts on the newly-built housing market.Such a price premium is very likely to be sufficient to compensate for the green incremental costs.Residents pay this price premium not only for the operation cost saving,but also for the improvement of the built environment.The green certification from the government is effective as a reliable market signal.The market drivers,which influence the green price premium,also significantly stimulate the green housing supply.Especially,the factors related to energy saving potentials have played an important role in the promotion of high-rated green housing.(2)Among a variety of policy incentives,the preferential land policies and demand-side subsidies are proved most effective and efficient in stimulating green housing supply.Subsidies for green housing developers from local governments play an important role in initiating local green housing practice from scratch,and promoting the supply of high-rated green housing.In addition,the government’s green practice in public housing presents substantial spillover effects,implying that governments can influence the building sector by playing an exemplary role.(3)The mitigation of information asymmetry has an important influence on residents’ demand for green housing and their willingness-to-pay(WTP).Providing non-green housing residents with the comparison of the operation indicators of built environment between their current housing and the adjacent green housing,their WTP for green housing will increase by 34%.Furthermore,educating residents with the benefits of green housing in operation cost saving and increased comfort and health can increase their WTP by 28%~37%,with the information of increased comfort and health showing a stronger impact.Some policy implications are derived from above findings.(1)In the context of tight regulation and control on the housing market,green housing should be differentiated in terms of financial,tax and trade restriction policies to increase the economic feasibility of green housing for market participants,thus inspiring the endogenous driving force of green housing development.(2)The limited public funding should be allocated in priority to subsidize residents’ green housing purchase and tenancy,to support the Research & Development on complete sets of green technologies,and to facilitate developers’ application for operation stage green certification.(3)Promote the market information symmetry of green housing by providing education and feedbacks on the comparison between green and non-green housing to residents,thus nudging residents toward purchasing or leasing green housing.(4)Promote the green public housing demonstration to guide green housing supply,and improve the built environment of green housing to enhance its attractiveness to residents.更多还原