【作者】 王晓玲；

【导师】 张德祥；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 教育管理， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 实现高校专业动态调整是深化高等教育改革、提高高等教育质量、建设高等教育强国的重要课题。高校专业动态调整机制研究既关乎宏观层面高等教育改革的推进,又关乎微观层面高校专业的具体发展实践。本文基于高校专业复杂系统,运用复杂适应系统(Complex Adaptive System,以下简称CAS)主体自主适应理论和机制设计理论,构建高校专业动态调整机制的理论分析框架,并深入研究高校专业动态调整的本质与原则。以此为基础,通过历史研究法、访谈法研究我国高校专业调整机制的历史演变,并采用典型案例分析法深入分析高校专业动态调整的典型案例。基于此,重新构建我国高校专业调整机制,即专业动态调整机制。基于专业动态调整机制的一般模型,结合高校专业调整的历史和现状中存在的问题,提出我国高校专业动态调整机制的构建策略。首先,根据CAS主体自主适应理论和机制设计理论,构建高校专业调整机制的理论分析框架。基于CAS理论和机制设计理论对于机制的研究,认为高校专业动态调整机制是指以高校作为专业调整主体,与专业内外部需求主体之间,通过信息传递执行过程、办学资源配置过程以及评估反馈与持续改进过程,形成的相互作用关系,推动、维系、保障高校实现专业动态调整。其次,对于高校专业动态调整本质与原则的再认识。基于高校专业的概念,结合高校专业产生与发展的历史,深入剖析高校专业动态调整的本质与原则。认为高校专业动态调整的本质是高深知识逻辑、学生成长逻辑、社会需求逻辑的耦合,三重逻辑的耦合构成了高校专业动态调整的目标、依据、动力和落脚点。且高校专业动态调整遵循适应与引领的辩证统一,遵循内在逻辑与外在需求的辩证统一,遵循自主与受控发展的辩证统一,遵循整体优化与局部持续改进的辩证统一。第三,分析我国高校专业调整机制的历史特征及其演化趋势。按照不同历史阶段,高校专业调整过程中的参与主体,以及各主体之间的信息传递执行、办学资源配置、适应性评估与改进互动特征,并结合类市场机制和准市场机制的划分原则,将建国以来我国高校专业调整机制分化三个阶段:1949-1984年高校专业调整的计划机制时期;1985-2016年高校专业调整的类市场机制时期;2017年至今,高校专业调整的准市场机制探索期。并进一步围绕激励相容、信息成本、资源配置三个方面对三类机制进行评价。并得出结论:改进现有的专业调整机制,构建高校专业动态调整机制。第四,深入分析高校专业动态调整的典型案例。依据高校专业调整机制的理论分析框架,深入剖析案例高校在专业动态调整过程中的参与主体、要素及其信息传递执行、办学资源配置和适应性评估与改进过程的特征。作为高校专业动态调整机制构建提供经验和启示。第五,构建高校专业动态调整机制的一般模型。根据建国以来我国高校专业调整机制中持续存在的参与主体、要素,并结合专业动态调整的两个典型案例的经验和启示,提出高校专业动态调整机制的构成主体,提出高校专业动态调整的实现路径。并提出高校专业动态调整的知识驱动机制、学生选择机制、市场调节机制和政府调控机制,并根据不同机制之间的内在逻辑关系,整合四大机制,构建高校专业动态调整机制的一般模型。第六,提出我国高校专业动态调整机制的构建策略。基于高校专业动态调整机制的一般模型,结合我国高校专业调整机制中存在的问题,有针对性的提出高校专业动态调整机制的构建策略。即构建以高校作为调整主体,以学生、市场作为内外部需求主体,以政府作为宏观调控主体的新型主体关系;建立持续更新、积累的信息共享平台;构建高校自主的信息传递执行制度;建立专业办学资源动态配置制度;实施高校专业适应性评估、反馈与持续改进制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Realizing the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities is an important topic for deepening the reform of higher education,improving the quality of higher education,and building a country of higher education.The research on the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities is not only related to the promotion of higher education reform at the macro level,but also to the specific development practice of specialty in colleges and universities at the micro level.Based on the complex specialty system of colleges and universities,this paper uses the subject self-adaptation theory and mechanism design theory of CAS to construct a theoretical analysis framework for the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities,and deeply studies the essence and principles of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.Based on this,the historical research method and interview method are used to study the historical evolution of the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China,and the typical case analysis method is used to analyze the typical cases of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.Based on this,re-construct the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China,that is the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty.Based on the general model of dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty,combined with the problems in the history and current situation of specialty adjustment in colleges and universities,this paper proposes the construction strategy of dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China.Firstly,Construct the theoretical analysis framework of the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities,according to the CAS self-adaptation theory and Mechanism Design theory,to Based on the theory of CAS and Mechanism Design theory,it is considered that the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities refers to the formation of interactions between the university and the internal and external demand subjects,forming through the information transfer execution process,the school resource allocation process and evaluation feedback and continuous improvement process,promote,maintain,and ensure the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.Secondly,Revised the nature and principles of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.Based on the concept of specialty in colleges and universities,combined with the history of the emergence and development of colleges and universities,the natur e and principles of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities are deeply analyzed.It is believed that the essence of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities is the coupling of high-level knowledge logic,student growth logic and social demand logic.The coupling of triple logic constitutes the goal,basis,motivation and foothold of dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.Moreover,the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities follows the dialectical unity of adaptation and guidance,follows the dialectical unity of internal logic and external demand,follows the dialectical unity of independent and controlled development,and follows the dialectical unity of overall optimization and local continuous improvement.Thirdly,Analyzes the historical characteristics and evolution trend of the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China.According to different historical stages.the participating subjects in the process of adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities,as well as the information transfer execution,the allocation of school resources,the evaluation of major adaptability and the improvement of interaction between the various subjects,combined with the principle of dividing the market-based mechanism and the quasi-market mechanism,Put forward three stages of the division of adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China:the period of planning mechanism for colleges and universities in 1949-1984;the period of market-oriented mechanism for colleges and universities in 1985-2016;the exploration of the quasi-market mechanism of colleges and universities in 2017 period.And further evaluate the three types of mechanisms around the three aspects of incentive compatibility,information cost and resource allocation.It also draws the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the existing adjustment mechanism of specialty and construct a dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty for colleges and universities.Fourth,Analysis in-depth the typical cases of dynamic adjustment of specialty.According to the theoretical analysis framework of the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities,this paper deeply analyzes the characteristics of the participating subjects,elements and their information transfer execution,school resource allocation and adaptability evaluation and improvement process in the process of dynamic adjustment of specialty.Provide experience and inspiration as a dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty for colleges and universities.Fifth.Construct a general model of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities.According to the persistence of the main body and elements in the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,combined with the experience and enlightenment of two typical cases of dynamic adj ustment of specialty,this paper puts forward the main body of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities,and puts forward the realization path of the dynamic adjustment of specialty in colleges and universities.And put forward the knowledge-driven mechanism,student selection mechanism,market regulation mechanism and government regulation mechanism,and according to the inherent logical relationship between different mechanisms,integrate the four major mechanisms to construct a general model of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty.Sixth,Put forward the construction strategy of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China.Based on the general model of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities,combined with the problems existing in the adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities in China,the paper puts forward the construction strategy for the dynamic adjustment mechanism of specialty in colleges and universities.That is to construct a new type of subject with the university as the main body of independent adjustment,the market and students as the main subjects of autonomy,and the government as the main body of macro-control;Establish a platform for information sharing that is continuously updated and accumulated;Build a dynamic allocation system of specialty school resources;Implement a adaptive assessment and continuous improvement of specialty.更多还原