【作者】 刘扬；

【导师】 范悦；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 建筑学， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 在城市化进程加快和消费型经济转型的背景下,我国资源与能源消耗总量依然持续快速增长,使其难以与变幻莫测的国际贸易形式和日益提升的国际责任担当相适应。建筑产业是仅次于装备制造业的资源能源消耗大户,其资源消耗量和一次能源消耗量分别占社会总消耗量的30%和27%(2015年统计)。这种取舍难分的尴尬境况使其很自然地成为我国资源循环问题的焦点。2000年,在建设“资源循环型社会”的大背景下,日本经济产业省联合14家建筑企业共同开发了“资源循环型住宅研究项目”,提出了资源循环型住宅的概念:以全寿命周期为视角,以实现住宅耐久性、可循环和低能耗为目的的住宅设计与评价体系。这为我国整合资源循环相关研究提供了有益的参考。我国建筑产业的资源循环相关技术由来已久,可大体概括为建国初期的“省材料”技术、六七十年代引入的“生态化”技术、八九十年代兴起的“装配式”技术和新世纪兴起的“长期适宜性”设计理念。尽管都与资源循环相关,但这些技术各有侧重、互有交融,并没有形成以设计为导向的统一的技术框架,使得具体研究呈现分散的状态,进而难以对具体设计提供兼容并蓄的指导和管理。当下的国内资源循环住宅研究,在继承了三原则及全寿命周期框架体系之外,也保留了其技术间缺乏衔接性的缺点。在具体研究层面,除缺乏对本土化的思考外,没有形成对各设计阶段的一般性约束,使得设计流程存在较大的盲目性,进而导致结果的偏差。此外,由于缺乏适宜性的技术体系和设计策略,相应法规的制定缺乏必要的依托,具体条文难免呈现出设计流程的缺失性、设计过程管制的忽视性和约束条款的失效性等特点。针对理论与实践脱节问题,本文拟以指导设计实践为目的,从理论与现实两方面出发,构建资源循环住宅的本土化技术框架。其中,理论层面从对住宅相关资源内涵与循环特点的辨析出发,构建资源循环的理论框架;现实层面从我国对各类资源的现实需求与研究现状出发,对照理论框架,形成本土化的技术框架。针对设计策略缺乏连贯性和约束性问题,本文以容积率、内外空间尺度与布局、设备网络组成、部件尺度与构造方式等核心设计要点为核心,依次形成对地块建设密度、形态空间尺度、设备组合方式和部件构造形式等设计阶段状态的优化,以循环理念提升住宅资源利用效率,进而组成完整的设计流程。针对评价标准缺乏指导性的问题,本文结合设计策略研究,以核心设计要点为评价对象,构建可以对过程和结果形成双重约束的评价标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the background of accelerated urbanization and the transformation to the consumption economy,The total of China’s resources and energy consumption have been growing rapidly,which made it difficult to adapt to the unpredictable forms of international trade or increasing international responsibility.Now,the construction industry is the largest resource and energy consumer behind the equipment manufacturing industry.Its consumptionaccountsof resource and primary energy is 30%and 27%of the total social consumption(2015).This dilemma naturally makes it to be one important focus of China’s resource cycle.In 2000,under the background of building a "Resource CircleSociety",the METI of Japan and 14 construction companies jointly developed the "Resource Circle Housing Research Project" and proposed the concept of Resource Circle Housing:By the perspective of the life circle of design,promote and evaluate the durability,recyclability and low energy consumption for residential.It provided a useful example for integrating related technologiesof Resource Circle Residential in China.In China,the related technologies of Resource Circle Residential had a long history.It can be summarized as four sections:"Save material"(1950-1960s),"Ecological"(1960-1970s),"Assembly"(1980-1990s)and "Long-term suitability"(2000s).They are all related to the resource cycle while focusingdifferent directions.The lack of unified technical frameworkon design-orientedmakes them decentralized,then difficult to provide inclusive guidance and management for practical designs.In currently,the research of Resource Circle Residential at home maintains the frameworkof Japan on the whole.They are lackedof localized innovation and development in common.Their practicesare all concentrated in rural areas.For the relaxed design environment,they are difficult to be thereference for urban residential design.Forpractical design strategies,there are obvious lacks in the design process compared with the general design process.Due to the lack of practical strategy,managers could not make corresponding regulations,and the specific provisions would show the lack of design processes,the neglect of design process control and the invalidity of the constraint clauses.In view of the above problems,this study brought out the civil strategy by design-oriented and base on Chinese practice.The specific contents are as follows:1.Technical frameworkThrough the analysis of the connotation of resources,circulation and housing,is we cleaned upthe logical relationship between each other,and reconstructed the ideal model of Resource CircleHousing theory by the core element of "resources".Based on the ideal model,current needs and research status of China,we constructed a series ofstrategies for planning,spatial form,equipment network and structural design around land,space,resources and building materials,in order to form a technical framework that have both localization and theoretical ideals features.2.Design strategyBase on the technical framework above,we studied the urban plan,shape and space distribution,device network and construction in turn by the uniform design circle.By the core of volume ratio,shape scale,spatial layout,equipment network and construction mode,we construct the design and managementstrategy.3.Evaluation criteriaOn the basis of the above design strategy research and focused on the requirements of process guidance and results control.We constructed theevaluation criteria for Resource CircleHousing by three basic design principles(durability,recyclability and low energy consumption)as the goal.It contained four parts which followed above four design strategies and explained its rating standard by three current constructions.更多还原