【作者】 薛文博；

【导师】 孙淑芳；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 俄语语言文学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 道德观念是民族文化模式和心理世界的重要反映,哲学、宗教学、心理学、语言学等众多学科都从不同视角对其进行探讨。道德观念在语言中以词、词组、成语、句法结构、篇章等手段存在和表达。词作为道德观念的最佳载体,是语言学中道德观念研究的基本对象,表达道德观念的词语即道德观念词。观念分析理论为系统描写道德观念词语义结构提供了一套行之有效的方法,能够全面、客观地对不同语言中道德观念词语义结构进行描写,从而揭示不同文化中所体现的道德观念。道德观念词是一种多棱面语言单位,是客观实在和主观心智的有机结合,具有复杂的多层级语义结构。本论文将道德观念词语义结构分为逻辑层面和次逻辑层面,前者主要反映对现实的客观认识,具有外显性,属于表层语义结构;后者主要体现主观经验感悟和价值评价,具有内隐性,属于深层语义结构。在此基础上构建道德观念词语义阐释模式。概括来说,即道德观念词的逻辑语义层面在词源知识、词典释义、词语搭配、自然语义元语言分析等基础上确立,次逻辑语义层面主要通过格式塔和熟语内涵分析来确立。该语义阐释模式有助于得出较为充分的包括语言客观意义和主观意义在内的语义完形,具有较强的操作性和系统性。通过俄汉语道德观念词“любовь/爱”、“добро/善”、“совесть/良心”的实证分析探讨该模式具体的阐释过程。论文采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,确立并对比上述三组道德观念词语义结构,寻找其受民族心智和文化影响的理据。研究表明,道德观念词是语言本体、客观实在和民族心智三者共同作用的结果。本论文根据观念分析理论构建道德观念词语义阐释模式,通过一系列俄汉语道德观念词的实证分析,探讨该模式的具体阐释过程,相关研究成果可为道德观念词和其他范畴文化观念词研究提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Moral concepts are an important reflection of ethical cultural model and psychological world,which have been studied in philosophy,religion,physiology,linguistics from different perspectives.They are expressed by various means,such as words,phrases,idioms,syntactic structures,texts,among which words are the best carriers.Words,which express moral concepts are moral words-concepts.Theory of conceptual analysis provides an effective method to systematically interpret moral words-concepts,which can comprehensively and objectively describe their semantic structures in different languages in order to reveal moral concepts of different cultures.Moral words-concepts are a multifaceted linguistic unit,which are an organic combination of objective reality and subjective mind.Moral words-concepts have multi-level semantic structures.Firstly,this dissertation divides the semantic structure into two levels — logical and sublogical level.The former explicitly reflects objective understandings of reality,which belongs to the surface semantic structure;the latter implicitly embodies subjective experiences and values,which belongs to the deep semantic structure.Secondly,on this basis we construct semantic interpretation model of moral words-concepts.Generally,the logical semantic level is established by analysis of etymologies,dictionary definitions,collocations and natural semantic metalanguages;the sublogical semantic level — by analysis of gestalts and idioms.This interpretation model can be useful in elucidating semantic structure including linguistic objective and subjective meanings.Finally,taking the moral concepts “love”,“good”,“conscience” as examples,we explore the concrete interpretation process.In addition,this dissertation establishes and contrasts the semantic structures of above-mentioned moral words-concepts by means of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods,and find the proof that moral concepts are influenced by ethical culture.Study suggests that moralwords-concepts are the result of a combination of language itself,objective reality and ethical minds.This dissertation constructs semantic interpretation model of moral words-concepts and discusses its concrete interpretation process.Relevant study has important significance for other moral and even cultural words-concepts.更多还原