【作者】 夏耕；

【导师】 李向农；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 本文以汉语“感”、“觉”词族为观察对象,探索汉语与汉民族认知思维的同一性。文章从宏观、中观、微观三个角度,先对感知义心理动词“感”、“觉”词族进行多角度、多层次地统计、描写与分析,然后依次归纳单音感知义同类词词族的构形、取象、合成及其民族思维,“感”、“觉”同素词词族的系统性与认知思维,“感”、“觉”词族化及其语素化思维,“感”、“觉”词族词义范畴延伸与蕴含思维,“感到”、“觉得”组配思维。我们认为,语言既独立于某些思维形式,同时又包含在某些思维形式之中。深层的概念范畴是人类认知能力在语言层面上的投射,是民族认知思维的集中体现。汉语单音感知义心理动词词族词汇化过程中表现出的事件整体识解思维和感官凸显人本思维,意象、类化、整合思维,都是汉民族认知思维个性;“感”、“觉”词族系统性研究表明,词源义和词义系统性是语义组合具有规律性的根本原因,词族是词源义管控的词义系统性支配语义结合规律在构词层面的具体表现;汉语单音节、有声调、无形态的语言类型特征,必然导致汉语音节语素化特征。音节语素化,意味着词汇系统扩展时,词化活动必须围绕语素进行;汉语“感”、“觉”词族词义范畴延伸和发展不是随机的,而是具有很多思维蕴含共性:“感”、“觉”词族在认知思维的横向广度上的、纵向深度上的以及横纵交叉叠合上的三个维度方面的深化表明,词义范畴的延伸是认知深化的结果。概念空间和语义地图表明其蕴含关系,而蕴含关系则是民族思维在语言上的投射;“感到”、“觉得”组配既是句法层面的表意需要,又是词法层面聚类构词搭配使然。基因型词义凸显特征潜在地制约着词语组合关系。语言是民族人参与现实概念化在特定头脑中的语言建构和表达。“现实”是感知和认知的结果,民族个体对现实概念化的特定认知思维方式不同,固化的语言形态也会产生差异并形成类别。因此民族认知思维研究注定要涉及语言型式识别。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the word families of "gan" and "jue" as the study object,this paper probes into the consistency between Chinese and the cognitive thinking of Han people.At the macro,mid and micro levels,the paper counts,describes and analyses the above word families,then concludes the construction,image and compound of the monosyllabic perceiving word families of "gan" and "jue" as well as the thinking models behind them.Specifically,it studies the relationship between systematicness of the two word families and cognitive thinking,between being the word families of "gan" and "jue" and the thinking model of morpheme and between meaning-expansion of the two word families and the thinking model of implication,as well as the thinking model of collocation in"gan dao" and "jue de".We argue that language is independent of cognitive thinking,but at the same time embodied in certain patterns of thinking.The deep conceptual domain is the projection of human’s cognitive competence on language and the representation of folk cognitive thinking.The lexicalizing of the word families of Chinese monosyllabic perceiving verbs reflects the generalizing,humanistic and integrative thinking models,which are special for Han people.The study on the syetematicness of the word families of "gan" and "jue"exhibits that the fundamental reason for the regularity in semantic structure is the source meanings and the systemmaticness of lexical meanings,and the word family is the specific exhibition in the word-construction that the semantic system controlled by the source meanings dominate the combination rules.Monosyllabic,tonal,and non-inflectional features of Chinese lead to the morphemisation of syllables.Syllabic morphemisation means that the lexicalizing process has to center on morpheme when the semantic system expands.The semantic extension and development of the above word families is not random,but shares much in common with the thinking.The deepenung of the above two word families in cognitive thinking is the deepening of cognition.The concept space and the semantic maps show the implication,and the implication is the projection of folk thinking on the language.The collocation of "gan dao" and "jue de" is not only the ideographic need for the signification in the syntactic level,but also is certain for the collation and word-formation in the lexical level.The feature of gene-styled meanings potentially restricts the conjunction of words.In conclusion,language is the linguistic construction and expression of conceptualized reality which folk participate in."Reality" is the result of folk perception and cognition.An individual may have different modes of cognitive thinking about conceptualization of reality,and solidified linguistic forms may produce differences and form different categories.Therefore,the study on the cognitive thinking of certain folk needs to involve in the identification of language types.更多还原