【作者】 冯莉；

【导师】 杜桂萍；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 徐增(1612-?),字子能,别号而庵,江南长洲人。明末清初颇有影响的文人。他少年成名,享誉吴中,与当时的许多文人诸如钱谦益、金圣叹、吴伟业、归庄、周亮工、黄翼圣、陈宗之、黄光、陆坦、陈鉴、何楷等均有交往唱和。不幸年甫及壮即患软脚病,足不能行,偶尔以篮舆往来江浙间,其他时间在家读书、写作、编书。徐增著书立说,勤勉治学,一生著述宏富。人们曾一度认为徐增的诗文作品均已亡佚,直到邬国平《徐增与金圣叹》发表,世人才意识到徐增的《九诰堂集》清抄本仍存世,进而开始关注他。本文即以徐增为研究个案,在易代之际大的社会背景下讨论这个满腹才华、身染沉疴的知识分子,在具体阐述时则更侧重于徐增的文学创作。本文除“绪论”外,共分四章。第一章对徐增的生平和著述进行考述。主要说明身处易代之际的徐增其人生的坎凛、成果的丰硕。少年成名的徐增,备受当时诸君子推崇。但正当壮年、前途似锦的徐增却罹患软脚病,只能选择以文学成就自身。社会的动荡、贫病的折磨让徐增对人生有了更深刻的体悟,晚年遂选择以著述、向佛为业。第二章专章考证徐增的交游情况。徐增一生喜交友,且交游广泛。但他注意到一些时人为了名利,奔波周旋于各色人物之间,因而丧失了最为珍贵的本性,世风日渐虚伪。因此,在交往过程中,徐增更看重对方的人品学识,交往的对象也多是真性情、有学识、有名望、有修养的人。本章将徐增交游的对象分为前贤师长、朋辈同学和方外僧侣三类进行考察,选择对其人生有重要意义的师友加以论述。第三章集中探讨徐增的诗歌创作。徐增一生以诗闻名,现存徐增诗歌作品主要集中在《九诰堂集》和《池上篇》中,约计1400余首。徐增诗歌创作各种体裁兼备,题材亦相当丰富,且诗歌风格丰富多元、复古与创新兼具。本章在对徐增诗歌创作进行概述的基础上,选取其诗歌中具有代表性的组诗《黄牡丹》诗和《怀感诗》进行论述,分析其文学意蕴。第四章着重分析徐增的散文创作。现存徐增散文300余篇,体裁多样,且艺术风格鲜明。这些散文作品,根据其意义和价值,以序跋文最为突出,因为它们以文学批评为主,呈现了徐增的基本价值观和文艺取向;寿文和祭文,尤其是祭文次之,这些祭奠亲友或者代人祭奠亲友之作,集中体现了徐增的生计问题和精神世界的某一侧面;史论文算是旁逸斜出的一枝,数目虽少,但充满真知灼见,可引申到徐增的英雄观和精神境界。徐增是一个平凡的人,他没有介入巨大的历史事件,也没有任何层面上的争议,经历的人生本身也没有太大的起伏,也许正因为这些,他几乎被人们遗忘。但徐增亦是一个波澜壮阔的生命,他在艺术的世界里有自己独特的创造。他经历了改朝换代的巨变,但内心深处的淡定纯净却没有变;他凭借自己的坚韧,走过了生命中所有无法掌控的苦痛和挣扎。这些亦使得他具有超越时代的永恒性质,即使被遗忘,在文学和历史上依然有他的位置。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xu Zeng(1612-?),styled as Zineng,also called Er’An,was born in Chang Zhou,South of Yangtze River.He rose to fame as a teenager,and became an influential man of letters at late Ming and early Qing Dynasty.Widely recognized in Middle Wu,he mingled with the literati of his time,like Qian Qianyi,Jin Shengtan,Wu Weiye,Gui Zhuang,Zhou Lianggong,Huang Yisheng,Chen Zongzhi,Huang Guang,Lu Tan,Chen Jian,and He Kai,etc..The disease of his feet confined his movement;and therefore,except occasional trip between Jiang Su and Zhe Jiang Province,he spent most of the time reading,writing and compiling books at home.Xu’s diligence and arduous work made him a prolific writer,whose works,however,were assumed to be lost.Not until the publication of Wu Guoping’s Xu Zeng and Jin Shengtan did people realize that Xu’s Jiuhaotang Collections still existed and thus drew much attention.This dissertation takes Xu Zeng as an case study to talk about the life experiences of this talented intellectual afflicted with disease against the social environment at the turn of two dynasties,and focuses on the elaboration of his literary creation.This dissertation includes four chapters with an introduction.The first chapter studies the life experiences and works of Xu Zeng.At the turn of two dynasties,Xu’s life was full of frustrations,but still remained quite prolific.The young talent enjoyed high reputation among the lords,but his foot disease lead to early retreat to literary creation at his prime time.The turbulence of the society and the torturing of the disease served as Xu Zeng’s inspiration for a deeper understanding of life,which lead to a career of writing and Buddhist worshipping at old age.Chapter Two focuses on Xu Zeng’s social relation.Xu Zeng was fond of socializing and had a large social circle.However,he noticed that people at that time mingled with plenty of people to seek fame and lost their most precious quality.Therefore,Xu Zeng laid emphasis on the personalities of others and his friends shared similar characters,like frankness,learnedness good reputation and manners.This chapter classifies the his social relationship into three categories:teachers,friends and monks,all of whom exerted huge influence on his life.Chapter Three discusses Xu Zeng’s poetic creation.He was renowned for his poems,about 1900 of which were collected in Jiuhaotang Collection and Book of Chishang.His poems are diversified in genre,topics and styles,which include both classical and innovative elements.This chapter,apart from a brief introduction of his poetic creation,selects Yellow Peony and Sentiment Poem as two representatives for aesthetic analysis.Chapter Four analyzes Xu Zeng’s prose.Xu Zeng’s 300 existing prose varies greatly in themes and artistic features.Among the prose,the prefaces and postscripts are of foremost importance,in that they are mainly literary criticisms,which reveals Xu Zeng’s moral and aesthetic orientation;his eulogies and elegies,especially elegies,demonstrate his attitude toward livelihood and another aspect of his spiritual world;his essays on history,though limited in quantity,are truly insightful and reveals his heroic world view and state of mind.As an ordinary man,Xu Zeng was not involved any historic events or disputes and his life was not full of rises and falls,due to which he almost faded into oblivion.However,Xu Zeng is significant on his own terms with unique life experiences and distinctive literary creation.He experienced the change of dynasties,but still gained his piece of mind;his perseverance made him survive uncontrollable agony and struggles.These experiences imparted him eternal qualities that transcended time,which earned him a position in literature and history.更多还原