【作者】 李敬；

【导师】 林莉红；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 行政诉讼证据协力义务是指在行政诉讼中,不负举证责任的当事人以及当事人以外的第三人负有积极提供证据以协助法院调查案件事实的义务。该义务是职权主义诉讼模式之下,确定法院职权地位的同时,强调当事人以及当事人以外的第三人在诉讼中的参与和作用,特别是在提供案件事实证据、协助法院查明案件事实真相方面的义务。行政诉讼中,法院对于案件的裁判结果有时不仅关系到双方当事人的利益,也常常关系到当事人以外第三人的利益,甚至关系到公共利益。对于行政诉讼中原告个体权利的保护有时会无可避免地会与公共利益的维护处于一种拉锯状态,证据协力义务不仅有利于调和个体权利保护与公共利益维护之间的矛盾,甚至可以更好的保障个体权利与公共利益的维护与实现。同时对于存在证据偏在性的案件,证据协力义务可以弥补举证责任规则的缺陷,实现诉讼中实质的武器平等。近年来在司法实践中,证人不出庭作证,不负举证责任的一方当事人或者第三人隐匿、拒绝提供证据的情形日益严重。在立法上,现行的部分法律法规和司法解释中已体现了证据协力义务的相关内容与要求,但是不够系统明确,而且针对违反证据协力义务的法律后果也存在缺失,使该义务沦为不具有法律约束力的道德义务。为了应对这一现状,有必要借鉴域外的经验来设置符合我国国情的证据协力义务。本文将首次系统地对行政诉讼中的证据协力义务的理论与制度作出全景式的研究,在厘清证据协力义务的内涵、性质的基础上,立足我国现状分析,对域外行政诉讼证据协力义务进行比较考察,在提出我国行政诉讼证据协力义务的设立思路后,重点研究如何在我国具体构建行政诉讼证据协力义务。除论文中摘要和引言外,包含五章内容,具体内容如下：第一章“行政诉讼证据协力义务的概述”,主要以证据协力义务的相关概念内容为研究起点,对证据协力义务的基本内容、相关概念辨析、理论基础以及其必要性与可行性进行研究。证据协力义务的主体为不负举证责任当事人以及当事人以外第三人,义务的相对方是代表国家行使司法审判权的法院,主要是对于法院审判活动的协力,而且从性质归属来说该义务属于义务行为而非负担行为,所以,若违反该义务将会受到公法上的制裁。证据协力义务旨在使不负举证责任的当事人或者当事人以外的第三人协助法院进行证据资料的收集与调查,外延涵盖了文书提出义务、勘验协力义务、证人义务、鉴定义务、当事人受讯问义务以及不为证明妨碍义务。在明晰其概念后,为进一步理解该义务的内涵,笔者对该义务与其他诉讼法上相关义务、民事诉讼中的证据协力义务的区别进行了辨析,以及与行政程序中相对人协力义务的关系进行了探讨。此外,本章还分析了行政诉讼证据协力义务的必要性与可行性,并从理论基础上对其进行了深入的探讨。证据协力义务是行政诉讼目的的必然要求、是修正古典辩论主义的工具、是程序合作主义之下对当事人的要求、同时也是诚实信用原则的具体体现,由此可见其具有深厚的理论基础。第二章“域外行政诉讼证据协力义务的比较法考察”,该章重点考察了大陆法系的德国、日本以及我国台湾地区行政诉讼证据协力义务的内容、违反证据协力义务的法律后果,同时对英美法系的英国和美国的证据开示制度进行了考察。在对两大法系国家（地区）证据协力义务分别阐述的基础之上,对两大法系国家（地区）相关规则进行了比较化分析,并在该章最后得出我国行政诉讼证据协力义务设立的启示。第三章“我国行政诉讼证据协力义务考察”,该章主要是从我国的立法方面以及现实司法实践方面来进行考察。在本章中,一方面,考察了我国现行立法中所体现的证据协力义务的相关规定,并且指出我国现行的部分法律法规和司法解释中已体现了证据协力义务的相关内容与要求,但是规定不够系统明确与具体,违反证据协力义务的法律后果也存在缺失,致使该义务沦为不具有约束力的道德义务。另一方面对我国司法实践中证人不出庭作证,不负举证责任的一方当事人或者第三人隐匿、拒绝提供证据的原因进行了探析。第四章“我国行政诉讼设立证据协力义务需明确的问题”,主要包括针对行政诉讼中特殊主体构造之下各方证据协力义务的设立问题,以及我国行政诉讼证据协力义务设立的具体路径选择。第五章“行政诉讼证据协力义务在我国的具体构建”,该章主要在行政诉讼证据协力义务的立法体例与内容设置、违背证据协力义务所产生的法律后果与认定规则、以及其具体适用与保障制度方面,对证据协力义务进行深入研究,以期其能够在我国行政诉讼中得到真正的落实。首先,对我国行政诉讼证据协力义务的立法体例进行了探讨,并且通过列举的方式对证据协力义务中的各项义务的具体内容进行设置。其次,探讨了我国违反行政诉讼证据协力义务的法律后果以及具体认定规则,即违反证据协力义务所产生的不利法律后果、违反证据协力义务的构成要件、认定主体等内容。再次,针对证据协力义务具体适用的相关问题进行研究,主要涉及到行政诉讼证据协力义务的适用界限以及与行政程序中相对人的协力义务的衔接问题。最后,探讨了我国行政诉讼证据协力义务的相关保障机制,重点提出了通过建立和完善行政案卷公开制度、证人保护制度、以及律师强制代理制度来保障我国行政诉讼证据协力义务的有效适用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Administrative litigation evidence assistance duty means parties,who are not responsible for the proof citation,and the third party assist the court to investigate the evidence. The duty is to establish the court’s position of authority under the mode of the authoritarian litigation, and to emphasize the participation and role of the parties and the third parties other than the parties in the litigation, especially in providing the facts of the case and assisting the court to ascertain the truth of the case Obligations. Administrative litigation, the court for the case of the referee sometimes not only related to the interests of the parties, but also often related to the interests of third parties other than the parties, and even related to the public interest. The protection of the individual rights of the plaintiff in administrative litigation is inevitably in the situation of maintaining the public interest, which is not only beneficial to reconcile the contradiction between the protection of individual rights and the maintenance of public interest, and even better The protection of individual rights and public interests of the maintenance and implementation.At the same time, for the existence of evidence bias in the case, the evidence assistant duty to make up for the burden of proof responsibility for the shortcomings of the rules to achieve substantive litigation in the arms of equality. In recent years, in judicial practice, the witness does not appear in court to testify, the burden of proof does not bear the party or a third person to hide, refused to provide evidence of the situation is growing. In legislation, some existing laws and regulations and judicial interpretations have embodied the relevant content and requirements of the evidence assistant duty, but it is not systematic and clear, and the legal consequences for the breach of the evidence assistant duty to cooperate in evidence are also missing, so that the obligation is reduced to not have Legally binding moral obligation. In order to deal with this situation, it is necessary to draw lessons from extraterritorial experience to set up the evidence assistant duty in line with our national conditions.Based on the analysis of the status quo of our country, this article will make a comparative study on the evidence of international litigation in order to clarify the connotation and nature of the evidence assistant duty. In this paper, The author puts forward some suggestions on how to construct the evidence of administrative litigation in our country to build up the the evidence assistant duty. in our country. In addition to the abstract and introduction in the paper, there are five chapters, which are as follows:Chapter one:the overview of the Administrative litigation evidence assistance duty.It mainly discusses the basic content, the related concept, the theoretical basis and the necessity and feasibility of the evidence assistant duty. The main body of the burden of proof is not the party responsible for the burden of proof and the third party other than the party concerned. The court of the judicial power exercising judicial power on behalf of the state is mainly for the judicial activities of the court, and the obligation belongs to Obligations rather than the burden of behavior, so if the violation of the obligation will be subject to public law sanctions.The purpose of the evidence assistant duty is to make the parties who do not bear the burden of proof or the third parties other than the parties to assist the court in the collection and investigation of the evidence. The extension covers the obligation of making documents, investigating the obligations of co-operation, witnesses and appraisers. Obligations and non-proving obligations. After clarifying its concept, in order to further understand the connotation of the obligation, the author discriminates the difference between the obligation and other obligations in litigation law and the evidence assistant duty.in civil procedure, and the relationship between the obligation and the counterpart in the administrative procedure were discussed. In addition, this chapter also analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the administrative litigation evidence assistant duty, and has carried on the thorough discussion from the theory foundation. It is a necessary requirement for the purpose of administrative litigation, a tool for revising classical debate, a requirement for parties under procedural cooperation, and a concrete manifestation of the principle of good faith, which shows that it has a deep theoretical foundation.Chapter two:"Comparative Study on the evidence assistant duty in Foreign Administrative Litigation".This chapter focuses on the contents of the evidence assistant duty of administrative litigation in Germany, Japan and Taiwan, the legal consequences of the violation of the obligation of evidence in cooperation, and the investigation of the evidence discovery system in Britain and the United States. On the basis of expounding separately the two countries’legal obligation, the author makes a comparative analysis of the relevant rules of the two legal systems countries, and finally draws the enlightenment of the establishment of the administrative litigation evidence assistant duty in our country.Chapter three:"China’s administrative litigation evidence assistant duty.".This chapter mainly carries on the inspection from our country legislation aspect as well as the reality judicial practice aspect. In this chapter, on the one hand, we study the relevant provisions of the evidence assistant duty in our country’s current legislation, and point out that some of the existing laws and regulations and judicial interpretations in our country have embodied the relevant content and requirements of the evidence, but not enough The legal consequences of the system clearly and concretely, the breach of the evidence assistant duty are also missing, resulting in the obligation to become a non-binding moral obligation. On the other hand, the reason why the witness does not appear in court and does not bear the burden of proof in the judicial practice of our country has been analyzed.Chapter four:"China’s administrative litigation to establish the evidence assistant duty to work together to clear the issue".It mainly includes the establishment of the evidence assistant duty under the administrative litigation mode, the establishment of the evidence assistant duty of the parties under the special subject structure in the administrative litigation, and the specific route choice of the administrative litigation evidence assistant duty in our country.Chapter five:" China’s specific construction of the evidence assistant duty in Administrative litigation ".In this chapter, we mainly study the legal obligation and the legal effect of the evidence assistant duty in the administrative litigation, and the concrete application and the guarantee system. China’s administrative litigation to be truly implemented.First of all, the administrative litigation evidence of China’s legislative obligation to explore the way, and by way of the evidence assistant duty to cooperate in the evidence of the specific content of the set. Secondly, it discusses the legal consequences of our country’s breach of administrative litigation evidence Specific rules, that is, the violation of the legal evidence assistant duty arising from the adverse legal consequences, breach of the obligations of the elements of evidence, the main body and so on. Thirdly, the research on the specific application of the obligation of the evidence assistant duty mainly concerns the limitation of the application of the evidence of the administrative litigation and the convergence of the third party’s obligation in the administrative procedure. Finally, it discusses the relevant safeguard mechanism of the evidence assistant duty of administrative litigation in our country, and puts forward the effective application of establishing the administrative file open system, the witness protection system and the lawyer compulsory agency system to guarantee our country the evidence assistant duty in administrative litigation.更多还原