【作者】 王文萱；

【导师】 关欣；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 土地资源利用与信息技术， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 本文以系统论为理论基础,按照“土地自然系统—土地利用—土地利用系统”的研究思路,综合运用3S技术和相关分析方法,利用2000年和2016年两个时间点的遥感影像数据,研究湖南省2000-2016年间土地利用系统演化特征及驱动机制。采用系统动力学模型对未来发展结构趋势进行预测,利用生态安全评价法综合分析土地利用系统的特点及变化过程,进行湖南省土地利用生态功能分区,提出优化发展措施。主要结论如下:(1)2000-1016年湖南省土地利用变化2000-2016年16年间,林地一直是湖南省的占比最大的土地利用类型,耕地是第二大土地利用类型。林地面积由2000年的1321.45减少到1319.72万hm~2,耕地面积由612.98减少到593.38万hm~2,草地面积由75.73减少到68.95万hm~2,建设面积面积由28.99万hm~2,快速增加到54.12万hm~2。水域面积由71.51增加到72.39万hm~2,未利用地由7.48增加到9.98万hm~2。耕地和建设用地的空间变化幅度最大,建设用地主要由耕地和林地转入,耕地主要转化为建设用地、林地和水域,其主要由林地和水域转入。湖南省14个市州在2000-2016年间变化较大的为建设用地和耕地,各市耕地面积呈下降趋势,减少面积区间为300 hm~2到31300 hm~2。各市建设用地面积呈上升趋势,增加面积区间为3700 hm~2到32800 hm~2。总体变化速度较快的为建设用地,各地区建设用地动态度呈现明显上升,增长速度最大是长沙。湖南省各市土地利用类型变化存在明显的差异性,其中差异性最大的是未利用地(Z=1707.09),差异性最小的是草地(Z=1.98),其余依次是水域,林地,建设用地和耕地。(2)2000-2016年湖南省土地利用空间演化2000-2016年,湖南省土地利用分布格局变化不大,局部的变化仍十分显著。林地主要分布湖南东部、南部和西部山区,怀化、张家界、湘西州、永州、郴州林地面积均有增长,增加幅度最大的是湘西州,其他地区林地面积均有下降。耕地主要分布在岳阳、益阳、常德东北部、长株潭地区和娄邵衡地区,位于洞庭湖及湘资沅醴河谷地势平缓地带和中部地区,耕地面积明显减少。建设用地由点状分布呈现在东部地区向各地区中心城市块状发展,以环长株潭城市群为核心的城镇体系形成。水域面积在益阳和岳阳有明显的减少,转化为耕地,但在一些丘林地带水域面积有较大增长。(3)2000-2016年湖南省土地利用水平演化2000年-2016年间湖南省耕地分布较为广泛,2000年耕地主要分布在二等地和一等地,分别占耕地面积的59.1%和26.51%,其余分布在三等地中,比例为14.4%,耕地质量水平较高,结构合理。2016年,湖南省耕地主要分布在二等地和三等地上,分别占到耕地面积的66.49%和17.37%,湖南省一等地上分布比例16.15%,16年间一等地降幅明显,耕地质量下降。(4)土地利用综合评价及利用优化调控根据土地利用类型演化驱动机制确定主要驱动因素,运用系统动力学模拟三种土地利用结构变化确定湖南省未来必须坚持生态保护土地利用路线。因此在土地生态安全评价及生态功能区划研究的基础上,构建湖南省土地生态安全指标体系,对湖南省14个市州2000年和2016年两期的土地生态安全状况动态进行评价发现,2016年绝大多数市州的土地生态安全综合评价值要低于2000年,说明2016年的土地生态安全状况要差于2000年。结合湖南省的土地生态环境问题、土地利用类型及土地生态安全评价的结果将湖南省土地生态功能划分为两个一级生态功能区和七个生态功能亚区,提出不同功能分区土地利用优化调控的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the theory of system theory and in accordance with the research idea of"land natural system-land use-land use system",this paper uses 3S technology and related analysis methods,and uses remote sensing image data of two time points in 2000 and 2016to study the evolution characteristics and driving machine of land use system for 2000-2016years in Hunan province.The structure trend of future development is forecasted by dynastic model,the characteristics and change process of land use system are analyzed by the ecological safety evaluation method,and the ecological function zoning of land use in Hunan province is carried out,and the optimized development measures are put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the change of land use in Hunan Province in the past 2000-2016 yearsIn the past 2000-2016 years,woodland has been the largest land use type in Hunan Province,and cultivated land is the second largest land use type.The area of woodland was reduced from 13.21in 2000 to 13.2 million hm~2,the area of cultivated land was reduced from6.13 to 5.93 million hm~2,the area of grassland was reduced from 757.3 to 689.5thousand and 500 hm~2,and the area of construction area was 289.9thousand hm~2,which was rapidly increased to 541.2 thousand hm~2.The water area increased from 715.1 to 723.9 thousand hm~2,and the unused land increased from 74.8 to 99.8 thousand hm~2.The spatial variation of cultivated land and construction land is the largest.The construction land is mainly converted from the cultivated land and woodland,and the cultivated land is mainly converted into construction land,woodland and water area,mainly from woodland and water area.The larger change of land use style of 14 cities in Hunan province are construction land and cultivated land in 2000-2016 years.The area of cultivated land decreased,and the area decreased from 300 hm~2 to 31300 hm~2.The area of construction land is increasing,with an increase of 3700 hm~2 to 32800 hm~2.The total change speed was faster for comstructed land,the dynamic degree of construction land in each area increased significantly,and the largest growth rate was Changsha.There are obvious differences in the change of land use types in Hunan Province,of which the biggest difference is Z=1707.09,the smallest difference is Z=1.98,the rest are water,woodland,construction land and cultivated land in turn.(2)spatial evolution of land use in Hunan province in 2000-2016 yearsIn the past 2000-2016 years,the distribution pattern of land use in Hunan has changed little,and local changes are still very significant.The woodland mainly distributed in the eastern,southern and western mountainous areas of Hunan,and the area of Huaihua,Zhangjiajie,Xiangxi,Yongzhou and Chenzhou increased,the largest increase was Xiangxi,and the land area of other areas declined.Cultivated land is mainly distributed in Yueyang,Yiyang,northeast Changde,Changzhutan area and Loushaoheng area.It is located in the gentle terrain and central region of Dongting Lake and Xiangziyuanli River Valley flat terrain and central area,the area of cultivated land is obviously reduced.The construction land is distributed by point form transform by punctuate in the eastern region and in various regions and the urban system with the core of Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration is formed.The water area decreased significantly in Yiyang and Yueyang,and converted to cultivated land.However,the water area in some hilly areas increased considerably.(3)evolution of land use level in Hunan Province in 2000-2016 yearsThe distribution of cultivated land in Hunan Province in 2000 was widely distributed in Hunan province.In 2000,the cultivated land was mainly distributed in two and first places,which accounted for 59.1%and 26.51%of the cultivated land,the rest mainly in three and other places,the proportion was 14.4%,the quality of cultivated land was higher and the structure was reasonable.In 2016,the cultivated land in Hunan province was mainly distributed in two and three places,which accounted for 66.49%and 17.37%of the cultivated land area respectively.The proportion of the first land in Hunan province was16.15%,and the first grade decreased obviously in the 16 years,and the quality of cultivated land decreased.(4)comprehensive evaluation and optimization of land use.According to the driving mechanism of land use type evolution to determine the main driving factors,the system dynamics simulation of three land use structure changes to determine the future of Hunan province,it must adhere to the route on ecological protection of the land use.On the basis of land ecological security evaluation and ecological function zoning study,the land ecological security index system of Hunan province was constructed.The dynamic evaluation of land ecological security status of 14 cities and states in 2000 and2016 in Hunan Province found that the comprehensive evaluation value of land ecological security in most cities in 2016 should be lower than that in 2016.In 2000,the situation of land ecological security in 2016 was worse than that in 2000.The land ecological function of Hunan province is divided into two first level ecological functional areas and seven ecological functional subregions,and the direction of the optimization and control of land use in different functional areas is put forward in combination with the results of land ecological environment problems,land use types and land ecological safety assessment in Hunan province.更多还原