【作者】 蒋晓娟；

【导师】 陈兴鹏；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 地理学·人文地理学， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 作为国家发展战略目标和基本要求,生态文明已被纳入中国特色社会主义“五位一体”总体布局,并取得全社会的广泛共识。党的十九大更进一步把“坚持人与自然和谐共生”作为新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略之一,2018年的全国生态环境保护大会又将其作为新时代推进生态文明建设必须坚持的重要原则。因此,推进生态文明建设,并将之落实于具体的区域发展实践成为中国各级政府必须履行的重要职责。当前,关于区域生态文明建设的突出问题不在于理论的缺乏,而是将理论指导转化为实践操作、以促进生态文明建设的实践转化,例如,对于地方政府而言,其所面临的关键问题之一就是如何把生态文明建设与国土空间开发相结合,以“山水林田湖草是生命共同体”的生态系统观支撑“绿水青山就是金山银山”的绿色发展观,从而实现人与自然和谐共生。作为以人地关系为主要研究对象的学科,人文地理学的主要任务之一就是以人类社会发展为主体,聚焦环境和社会之间的动态关系研究,推动区域向可持续发展模式转变,架起科学和决策之间的桥梁。因此,基于人文地理学学科体系,创新开展生态文明建设与国土空间优化研究,加深对人地复杂系统全面、综合、深入的理解,进而走向决策支撑具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本研究主要包含七部分内容:第一章为引言,介绍了选题背景、目的意义、基本内容、主要创新、研究方法与技术路线。第二章综述了生态文明与国土空间开发的研究进展、主要理论和基本问题,并选取了国内外三个典型案例进行实践层面剖析,以总结凝练经验。第三章深入分析了生态文明建设和国土空间开发之间的密切关联及其科学-决策逻辑。第四章提出了国土空间结构的分析原则,详细计算了甘肃省及十四个市州四类主体功能空间的空间结构比例关系,分析了国土空间结构特征,设计了国土空间结构的优化方案。第五章则基于生态文明建设和国土空间优化的核心问题提出了国土空间开发协调度概念,设计了国土空间开发协调度函数模型,并据此计算出甘肃省及十四个市州的资源-环境-生态系统协调度、人口-资源-环境-生态系统协调度、经济-资源-环境-生态系统协调度和国土空间开发协调度。全面分析了单因素影响和综合因素影响下的协调度变化情况,提出国土空间开发协调度优化方案。第六章提出了国土空间开发格局的量化分析方法,明确了国土空间优化的目标、原则、内容、指标体系等要点,建构了基于生态文明建设的国土空间优化模式。进而以生态文明建设为目标,以国土空间结构优化、国土空间开发协调度提升为核心,分别提出了甘肃省及十四个市州的国土空间优化政策建议。第七章总结了研究结论、讨论了存在的不足和未来值得进一步完善的方向。本研究尝试在主体功能区规划的国土评价基础上做出国土空间优化的理论创新和应用拓展,成果主要体现在以下三点:一是从人文地理视角界定了生态文明的实践内涵及基本问题,提出生态文明建设的核心是调整人地关系,人地系统协调是生态文明建设与国土空间开发的共同内核,生态文明建设的主要路径是国土空间开发格局优化,具体可以通过优化外部空间结构和提升内部要素协调度实现;二是基于生态文明建设要求确定了国土空间结构分析原则,提出了生存型空间、生态型空间、生产型空间和后备空间等四种主体功能空间的新类型,并开展了以甘肃省为案例的实证研究;三是提出了“国土空间开发协调度”概念,设计了包含人口、资源、环境、生态、经济等五大类8项二级指标的国土空间开发协调度函数模型,制定了国土空间开发格局优化方案,建构了基于生态文明建设的国土空间优化模式,并针对省级层面和市州级层面分别提出具有针对性的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the basic requirement and national development strategies,ecological civilization has been included in the overall layout of " Five-point Strategy ",and has been widely recognized by the whole society in China.The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China regards "Sticking to the harmonious coexistence of human and nature" as the basic strategy for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.The 2018 National Conference on the Protection of the Ecological Environment regards it as an important principle that must be adhered in advancing the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.Therefore,it is imperative and important duties to be performed for Chinese governments at all levels to promote the construction of ecological civilization and put it into practice.At present,the prominent problem of regional ecological civilization construction is not lack of theory,but the transformation of theoretical guidance into practical operation and the promotion of ecological civilization construction.For example,for local governments,one of the key issues is how to integrate ecological civilization construction into geographical space development,accordingly making ecosystem concept of "Mountains,rivers,forests,lakes and grasses are the life community" the solid foundation of the green development concept of " Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets",and therefor realize the harmonious coexistence of human and nature.As a subject with human-land relationship as its main research object,one of the main tasks of human geography is to focus on the dynamic relationship between environment and society,to promote regional development’s transition towards sustainable development mode,and to build a bridge between science and decision-making.Therefore,based on the discipline system of human geography,it has great theoretical and practical significance to innovate the methods of ecological civilization construction and geographical space optimization,comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the complex human-earth system,and then better serve the decision making.This research mainly includes seven parts: The first chapter is introduction,which introduces the background,purpose,significance,basic content,possible innovations,research methods and technical routes.The second chapter summarizes the research progress at home and abroad,main theories and basic problems of ecological civilization,the development of geographical space,and chooses three typical cases at home and abroad to analyze from the practical level,draws inspiration from theory to practice.The third chapter analyses the close relationship between the construction of ecological civilization and the development of geographical space from perspectives of scientificity and decision-making.The forth chapter puts forward the analysis principle of geographical space optimization,collects and collates the basic data of different main functional spaces in Gansu Province,calculates the spatial structure proportion relations of four main functional spaces in Gansu Province and fourteen cities and prefectures in detail,and analyses the characteristics of land spatial structure according to the present situation of land spatial development,put forward an optimization scheme of geographical space structure.The fifth chapter designs the coordination degree function of geographical space development around the core issues of geographical space development and construction of ecological civilization,calculates the coordination degree of resources-environment-ecosystem,population-resources-environmentecosystem,economy-resources-environment-ecosystem and geographical space deveopment in Gansu Province and 14 cities and prefectures.The changes of coordination degree under the influence of single factor and multi factors are analyzed comprehensively.Based on the calculation results of coordination degree of geographical space development and the present situation of geographical space structure,the geographical space development patterns of Gansu Province and 14 cities and prefectures are analyzed quantitatively,then put forward an optimization scheme of coordination degree of geographical space development.The sixth chapter combs the quantitative analysis method of geographical space development pattern,clarifies the objectives,principles,contents and index system of geographical space optimization,and puts forward the method of geographical space optimization.Then,taking the construction of ecological civilization as the goal,optimizing the structure of geographical space development and improving the coordination degree of geographical development,the paper puts forward the policy suggestions of geographical space optimization of Gansu Province and 14 cities and prefectures respectively,and constructs the geographical space optimization model based on the construction of ecological civilization.The seventh chapter summarizes the research conclusions,discusses the existing shortcomings and future directions that need to be further improved.This study attempts to make theoretical innovation and application expansion on geographical space optimization basing on the land evaluation of the Major Function Oriented Zoning,and the results mainly embodies the following points: 1.From the perspective of human geography,this paper defines the practical connotation of ecological civilization,and holds that in practice.The core of ecological civilization construction is to adjust human-land relationship,Human-land system coordination is the common core of ecological civilization construction and geographical space development.The main path of ecological civilization construction is the optimization of geographical space development pattern,which can be realized by optimizing the external space structure and improving the coordination degree of internal factors.2.Based on the requirement of ecological civilization construction,the principle of geographical space analysis is clarified.Four new types of main function spaces are named,survival space,ecological space,production space and reserve space.Taking Gansu Province as an example,the spatial structure relations of four main functions in Gansu Province and 14 cities and prefectures are quantitatively analyzed.3.The concept of "coordination degree of geographical space development" is coined.The coordination degree function of geographical space development including five categories and eight indicators such as population,resources,environment,ecology and economy etc.The optimization method of geographical space development pattern aiming at the construction of ecological civilization is designed,and bring forward niche targeting policy proposals on the provincial and city level perspectively.更多还原