【作者】 竺杏月；

【导师】 张智光；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 生态文明理念已深入人心,十九大报告已将生态文明纳入社会主义新时期的发展战略目标。做实生态文明对于促进绿色发展和可持续发展具有至关重要的作用及意义。而绿色发展和可持续发展离不开产业经济的发展,实施绿色发展和可持续发展必须要依赖于产业,绿色产业的发展更加有益于绿色发展、可持续发展以及生态文明的顺势实施。制浆造纸业是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础产业,是最大化利用森林资源附加值最高的产业之一,具有可持续发展的特点。我国制浆造纸产业木材纤维比重偏低,制约了我国的高质量纸产品的生产能力,随着我国经济发展进入新常态,纸张消费层次和水平都在提升,高质量纸产品的供求矛盾愈加凸显。在具体实施中,制浆造纸企业和木材纤维供应企业并未形成有机的结构和良性互动机制,林、浆、纸“结”而不“合”,“一体”而不“共生”。在“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念的指导下,在新常态经济发展和供给侧改革的背景下,从供应链角度重新审视林、浆、纸的发展方式和结构,实现制浆造纸的绿色化具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文将绿色共生理论应用于林—浆—纸供应链中,首先,剖析林—浆—纸绿色供应链的发展现状与存在的问题,提出“林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链”思想;在此基础上,架构林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链的共生体系,并对其机制进行分析;第三,基于多元化维度构建林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链基本共生模式;第四,据此对林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链基本共生模式效益评价;第五,根据效益评价结果筛选出林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链最优共生模式,并就其运行机制进行分析;最后,以濮阳龙丰公司为例,来进一步对以上研究内容进行例证。可得结论如下。(1)目前林—浆—纸绿色供应链的主要表现形式为林纸一体化模式且林纸一体化模式的推进步伐正不断加快;原料结构改善较大;纸产品种类趋于多样化;纸浆、纸产品进出口持续扩大;废弃物利用率逐步提高等现状。但是仍然存在以下问题:木浆进口依存度较高;供应链横向广度和纵向深度不够;供应链节点企业间的信任关系不够稳定;社会就业带动有待加强;整体协作效益有待提升。(2)林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链是林—浆—纸绿色供应链的延伸与拓展,也是供应链生态化与循环经济化的发展模式,与绿色供应链相比,具有长周期、更高资源利用率、更高经济和生态效率以及资源依赖性进一步降低等特性,具有一定意义上的超循环经济特性。(3)林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链系统的共生单元包括制浆造纸企业、流通企业、营林企业、绿色化工企业、能源企业、机械装备制造企业等多元化主体要素。在核心制浆造纸企业中,其原料来源于紧密层、松散层、协作层与协同层等多级结构,原料来源具有多元化特性。(4)在林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链基本共生模式构建的六个核心维度,即利益关系维度、交易频率维度、组织机制维度、共生媒介维度、空间布局维度和产权关系维度中,最核心的维度是利益关系维度和共生媒介维度两个,并且依据这两个核心维度林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链具有四种基本共生模式:利益偏废型共生、多元两高型共生、单一双低型共生、媒介偏废型共生,每种共生模式具有各自的优势。(5)多元两高型共生模式效益得分最高,媒介偏废型共生模式效益次之,利益偏废型共生模式效益第三,单一双低型共生模式效益得分最低,表明这四种林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链基本共生模式中,以“互利共生”为主要特征的多元两高型共生将是一种较为理想的目标取向,即林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链最优共生模式是多元两高型共生模式。(6)林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链整体上不仅具有MAS系统结构模式,而且分别在核心层、紧密层、协作层、松散层及协同层等方面均具有MAS系统结构模式。本文的创新点主要有:(1)在研究视角上,将绿色共生理论和绿色供应链理论引入到林—浆—纸供应链中,在以往林—浆—纸绿色供应链的基础上,提出了林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链内涵,并与一般绿色供应链进行比较以突出其优势与特性,继而拓展延伸并丰富了已有林—浆—纸绿色供应链的内涵;(2)已有林—浆—纸绿色供应链的原料来源比较单一,而本文在已有研究的基础上,构建了林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链原料来源的紧密、协作、松散等多层级结构,较已有林—浆—纸绿色供应链的原料来源的单一性特征更能体现多元化特征;(3)设计了林—浆—纸广义绿色供应链的四种基本共生模式,分别是利益偏废型共生、多元两高型共生、单一双低型共生、媒介偏废型共生;(4)运用Multi-Agent代理技术方法来分析最优共生模式的运行机制,本文运用Multi-Agent代理技术方法来分析最优共生模式的运行机制,为制浆造纸企业在多层原料源的供应链共生的基础上的生产安排提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The concept of ecological civilization has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.Xi Jinping’s report at the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has incorporated ecological civilization into the development strategy of the new era of socialism.To acquire a real ecological civilization is of crucial importance and significance for promoting green development and sustainable development,which are inseparable from the development of industrial economy.The achievement of green development and sustainable development must rely on the industry.The development of green industry is more conducive to green development,sustainable development and homeopathic implementation of ecological civilization.Pulp and paper industry is an important basic industry for national economy and society development.It is one of the industries that maximizes the use of the added value of forestry resources and illustrates the characteristics of sustainable development.The low proportion of wood fiber in Chinese pulp and paper industry restricts the production capacity of high-quality paper products in our country.As China’s economy develops into a new normal,the level and ability of paper consumption are all on the rise.The contradiction between supply and demand of high-quality paper production is even more prominent.In the concrete implementation,the pulp and paper enterprises and the wood fiber suppliers did not form an organic structure and a benign interactive mechanism,but rather “unite” and “integrate” instead of “symbiosis” with forestry,pulp and paper.Under the guidance of philosophy of “innovation,coordination,green development,opening up and sharing”,under the background of the new normal economic development and supply side reform,the study should re-examine the development mode and structure of forestry-pulp-paper.It is of theoretical importance and practical significance on the greening of pulp and paper from the perspective of supply chain.This paper applies the green symbiosis theory to the forestry-pulp-paper supply chain.We broaden the thoughts and concept of forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain after analyzing its status situation and the current existing problems.Furthermore,the symbiosis system of forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain is identified and its mechanism is illustrated.This paper constructs the basic symbiosis modes of the forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain and then evaluates the modes’ performance.Afterwards,according to the results of performance appraisal,we reveal the optimal symbiosis mode of forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain and its operation mechanism.Finally,as an illustration of multi-level symbiosis of forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain,this paper develops operation mechanism of the symbiosis mode in Puyang Longfeng company.The conclusions are as followings.(i)At present,the main form of forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain is the integration of forestry and papermaking,whose pace is accelerating.The proportion of wood raw materials gets better.Products tend to be diversified.Imports and exports of end-of-life products in paper industry continue to expand.The utilization of waste gradually increases,etc.However,the following problems in forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain still exist that wood pulp has a high degree of dependence on imports;the horizontal width is narrow and the vertical depth is shallow;the trust relationship between the enterprises is not stable;the efficiency of enterprise management has not yet reached the optimal level;and the social employment is weak.(ii)Forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain is not only extension and expansion of the forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain,but also the ecological and recycling economy development mode of supply chain.Compared to the green supply chain,it has long cycle,higher and multi-layer resource utilization,higher economic and ecological efficiency,low resource dependence and other characteristics,which generate a certain degree of super-cycle economic characteristics.(iii)Base on the study of the symbiosis units,elements and environment in the forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain system,this paper presents the symbiosis system’s structure and operation mechanism.Its symbiosis unit involves diversified elements including pulp and paper enterprises,circulation enterprises,forest management enterprises,green chemical enterprises,energy enterprises,machinery and equipment manufacturing enterprises.For the core pulp and paper enterprises,Multi-layer material source comes from the multi-level structure of the tight,cooperative and loose layer.(iv)With the research of the symbiosis modes in forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain,we introduce six dimensions in the symbiosis modes.These dimensions include the relationship between interests,transaction frequency,organizational mechanism,symbiotic media,spatial layout and property rights.The core dimensions are the relationship between interests and symbiotic media dimensions.In terms of two core dimensions forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain produce four basic symbiosis modes: the benefits of partial waste symbiosis,multivariate-high-type symbiosis,a single double-low symbiosis and medium-partial-waste symbiosis.Each symbiosis mode has its own advantages.(v)Multivariate-high-type symbiosis mode has the highest performance score,followed by medium-partial-waste symbiosis mode.While a single double-low symbiosis mode has the lowest performance score.The performance evaluation shows that the multivariate-high-type symbiosis will be an ideal target orientation with the main characteristics of “symbiotic symbiosis” among the four kinds symbiosis.That is,the optimal symbiosis mode of forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain is a multivariate-high-type symbiosis mode.(vi)The study concludes that the MAS system structure models demonstrate not only in the core structure of forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain,but also in the tight,cooperative and loose layer.The main innovations are the followings.(i)In the research perspective,the green multi-level symbiosis theory and green supply chain theory are applied into the forestry-pulp-paper supply chain.We expand and extend the existing forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain connotation.Compared to the general green supply chain,we highlight its advantages and characteristics.(ii)The previous studies do less research on the problem of a single source of wood raw materials for the forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain.This paper builds a tight,collaborative,loose layer,etc.for Multi-layer material source.Multi-layer material source reflects more diversified features than single source features of the existing forestry-pulp-paper green supply chain.(iii)Four basic symbiosis modes are designed for forestry-pulp-paper broad green supply chain.The core dimensions from six dimensions are affirmed.Four basic symbiosis modes are established: the benefits of partial waste symbiosis,multivariate-high-type symbiosis,a single double-low symbiosis and medium-partial-waste symbiosis.(iv)This paper applies Multi-Agent technology to analyze the operation mechanism of optimal symbiosis mode.Multi-Agent technology figures out the operation mechanism of optimal symbiosis mode.It explores the basis for the production arrangement of pulp-paper enterprises.更多还原