【作者】 尹辉；

【导师】 温儒敏；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 本文研究的是五四前后“弱小民族文学”的译介与传播。“弱小民族文学”这一概念在现代文学史上时有出现,有时也被称作“被压迫民族文学”。“弱小民族”到底指向哪些民族?学界至今无明确界定。不过,它有一个约定俗成大致范围,即受帝国主义侵略殖民和压迫的民族,具体到20世纪初的语境中,特别是指欧洲及亚非拉等地的一些孱弱民族国家的文学。“弱小民族文学”译介在晚清出现,自五四新文化运动到二十世纪三十年代,曾经兴起过“弱小民族文学”译介的热潮,这是近、现代文学生活的一个特殊现象。因为当时中国遭受帝国主义的铁蹄的践踏,这个积贫积弱的古老国度国事危殆,一些仁人志士迫切希望启蒙救亡,救国民于水火,很自然地就把弱国子民的情感投诸其他国家和地区的弱小民族,而文学就是这同声相应同气相求的精神载体。对“弱小民族文学”的大量译介,满足了当时读者的精神渴求。同时,异域文学的养分也滋养了中国文学的国际视野,促进了五四新文学的诞生与成长。“弱小民族文学”的译介与传播不仅是一个重要的文学现象,也是五四前后社会文学生活的组成部分,它是现代文学史研究的题中应有之义。研究“弱小民族文学”的译介,可以呈现新文学兴起和发展的一个侧面,丰富当前学界对现代文学早期思潮的认识。尽管各种近代、现代文学史都会提及“弱小民族文学”的译介现象,但大都语焉不详,主要是因为缺乏相应的专题研究,基本的史实材料也没有经过系统详细的梳理。另外,对翻译文学是如何进入文学史写作的,相关研究也缺少理论上的自觉。笔者选择“弱小民族文学”的译介与传播作为博士论文选题,希望能系统地探查这一重要的文学史现象,进而为文学的译介与传播研究提供一些可供参考的素材。到目前为止,学界对“弱小民族文学”译介的详细研究少,相关史料收集工作还要从头做起。在论文写作之前,笔者做了大量的史料收集和整理工作。首先,本文根据《中国现代文学期刊目录汇编》提供的线索去找材料,再结合其他文献,对刊载过“弱小民族文学”译作的杂志报刊进行“拉网式”梳理,从1915年9月15号《青年杂志》算起,到20世纪30年代末,顺藤摸瓜,共计调查150多种期刊杂志,大致摸清了当时译介“弱小民族文学”的基本情况。最终选取了《新青年》《小说月报》《小说世界》《东方杂志》《文学》和《译文》六种刊物作为重点研究。随后的研究主要从以下几个方面展开:一是量化分析这些杂志所刊登的“弱小民族文学”译介作品的译介者、数量、体裁和国别等信息;第二是考察鲁迅和周作人、茅盾和沈泽民等八位重点翻译家对“弱小民族文学”译介的活动及成就。三是选取“弱小民族文学”译作进行具体的文本分析。四是探讨“弱小民族文学”的译介对中国现代文学的影响,并试图给这一现象以文学史定位。本论文主要分以下几部分:绪论主要介绍了本文的选题背景、五四前后、“弱小民族”和“弱小民族文学”三个核心概念的界定;分析“弱小民族文学”的研究现状和不足;说明了本文的研究思路、研究方法以及本文的主要内容。第一章主要对五四前后“弱小民族文学”译介活动进行整体分析,找出其重点发展阶段,对相关杂志报刊进行梳理,确定六大主要期刊及鲁迅和周作人、茅盾和沈泽民、郑振铎、王鲁彦、胡愈之和孙用八位翻译家为重点研究对象。第二章从作品数量、体裁、地区分布、所述国别和译介作者等方面对五四前后“弱小民族文学”译介的代表刊物《新青年》《小说月报》《小说世界》《东方杂志》《文学》和《译文》六大杂志,进行具体的统计和量化分析。第三章论述周氏兄弟对“弱小民族文学”的译介。首先从数量、体裁、作品国别、发表刊物和时间等角度对周氏兄弟关于“弱小民族文学”的译介情况进行系统论述分析;其次对周氏兄弟合著的《域外小说集》和周作人在《新青年》杂志上对“弱小民族文学”的译介活动进行梳理评述,并探讨周氏兄弟的翻译策略和译介“弱小民族文学”的动机和特征。第四章论述茅盾沈泽民兄弟对“弱小民族文学”的译介,统计分析沈氏兄弟对“弱小民族文学”译介的译作数量、体裁、国别、发表刊物和时间;并论述盾和沈泽民关于“弱小民族文学”的译介的动机和特征。第五章主要分析“弱小民族文学”译者群的译介。对郑振铎、胡愈之、鲁彦和孙用四位翻译家译介“弱小民族文学”的具体情况展开论述,对译介作品的发表时间、体裁、作品国别、发表刊物等具体信息进行统计分析,探查其译介的共同点及不同特征。第六章主要从“多元系统”的角度探查五四前后“弱小民族文学”译介现象。论述“弱小民族文学”译介对中国社会民族思想的启迪以及对文学观念、创作技巧和文学审美等方面的影响。通过译介活动,这些身兼作家身份的译者在文学思想和创作手法等方面受到了潜移默化的影响,为中国现代文学注入了世界文学的血液,架起了中国文学与世界文学沟通的桥梁。结语:对全文的内容进行总结,并对后续研究给出一些建议。本文的创新点主要体现在以下三方面:1.本文对五四前后“弱小民族文学”在中国的译介进行了相对系统的梳理和总结,基本上理清了这一时期“弱小民族文学”译介的状况。这种研究是基于“弱小民族文学”译介发表情况的详细探查,掌握了较为丰富详实的资料,对这个时间跨度内的“弱小民族文学”译介进行了相对系统的论述。笔者还利用EXCEL软件对所有的资料数据进行了详细的量化分析,本论文各章节表格和附录里所列的“弱小民族文学”译介统计都来自于笔者对相关资料的详细整理,虽然不能穷尽所有译作,但却是该领域相关资料的相对系统呈现,为该选题的深入研究提供相对系统的史料统计的参考。2.本文系统研究了《新青年》《小说月报《小说世界》《文学》《译文》和《东方杂志》六大刊物对“弱小民族文学”的译介以及周氏兄弟、沈氏兄弟、郑振铎、胡愈之、鲁彦、孙用八位翻译家译介“弱小民族文学”的情况,探讨了他们各自的翻译和传播贡献,译介的思想和特征。3.本文深入探讨了“弱小民族文学”译介在中国的思想和文学创作的影响,分析了“弱小民族文学”如何进入现代文学,并与现代文学作家的创作产生联系的图景,为翻译文学进入文学史写作提供了较为详细的范例。本文的不足主要在于:“弱小民族文学”涉及的民族数量多,时间跨度大,本文着重考察了五四前后的重点刊物和主要翻译家的译介情况,不能做到面面俱到,难免会有遗漏。再者,对“弱小民族文学”作品原文和汉语译文的对比研究方面,由于当时译作的参考版本来源不一,包括很多转译版本,分别由德语、英语、日语和世界语等多种语言译成,出版的年代久远,很难找到译文的参考原版,所以缺乏在译文与原文的对比分析方面的研究,期待以后能创造条件做深入的对比研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the unique environment and social need before and after the May Fourth Movement,this period is a prosperous period of translating and introducing ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’.It is a feature that the translators who participate in the activities to translate and introduce the ’Literature of Weak and Minor Nationalities’ were also writers.This study aims to have a systematical analysis of these translation activities,to analyze its literal,ideaistic and social value so as to enrich and deepen the cognition of the role which the New Literature Movement plays in the process of the beginning and developing of Modern Chinese Literature and ideas.The academic significance of this study lies in the following points:Firstly,it is important to find out the common track of the dissemination of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ and the development of Modern Chinese Literature in order to understand the sophisticated relationship between the historic feature of literary production and the social-cultural activities.Secondly,the translation and dissemination of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ not only help boost the rouse of national consciousness,it is also an important part of the literal life of many modern Chinese writers and translators.This dissertation focuses on the study of the translation and dissemination of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ before and after the May Fourth Movement carried out by many Chinese writers-translators.The reason why this subject is chosen is that the current study in this field is not systematic yet.There are many blanks to fill in.Based on the statistics from combing the Catalog Compilation of Modern Chinese Journals which includes about 150 magazines in early 20th century,eight magazines are selected to be studied in detail in this dissertation.Statistical analysis are made about the translated literary works of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’published on these magazines.Eight important related translators,Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Mao Dun,Shen Zemin,Zheng Zhenduo,Wang Luyan,Hu Yuzhi and Sun Yong are studied in detail.The dissertation consists of the following parts:The introduction provides the research background of this subject and the definition of the three key concepts:the May Fourth Movement,’the Weak or Minor Nationalities’ and ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ and the current research background.It also discusses the research methods and the main contents of this dissertation.Chapter one argues about the mian periods of translating ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’:the appearance of translating ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ during the late Qing Dynasty,the upsurge of it in the May Fourth Movement period and the translation activities in 1930’s.Based on the generalization of the translation activities,chapter one argues about the keystones which should be discussed in detail:the main magazines:the New Youth,the Short Story Magazine,the Eastern Miscellany,Literature and Translation;the main translators:Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Mao Dun,Shen Zemin,Wang Luyan and Sun Yong;Polish writer Henryk Siekiewicz,and Norwegian dramatist Ibsen.Chapter two:Based on Chapter one,chapter two mainly argues about the translation of’ the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ in the six main magazines in detail according to the statistics from analyzing more than 150 magazines in the Catalog Compile of Magazines in Modern Chinese Literature.The six magazines are in the following periods respectively:the 1st period,1918-1921,the representative magazine is The New Youth;the 2nd period:1921-1931,the representative magazine is the Short Story Magazine and the Eastern Miscellany;the 3rd period:1930’s,the representative magazine is Literature and Translation.Statistical analysis are made about the translation relevant translation in the main journals,the following journals are selected to be analyzed in the aspects as the amounts,the subjects,the countries they belong to and the translators.The translation activities of eight translators are argued about in detail:including Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Mao Dun,Shen Zemin,Zheng Zhenduo,Wang Luyan,Hu Yuzhi and Sun Yong.The argument about the main translators are divided into the following chapters in order to make it logical and clear:Chapter three argues about the translation of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ by Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren:the process of the translation;the amount and the countries of the translated literary works,and the journals on which the works were published.Specific analysis is made about their translation of the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ on the magazine New Youth and in the collection of translated literary works with the name Collections of Fictions from Foreign Countries(Yuwai Xiaoshuo Ji),including the translation motivation and translation strategy.More specific arguments are made about different writers in the following chapters in the similar way:Chapter four argues about the translation of the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ by the Shen Brothers:Mao Dun(Shen Yanbing)and Shen Zemin;chapter five of Zheng Zhenduo,Lu Yan,Hu Yuzhi and Sun Yong.Chapter six argues about the influence on the literary creation of modern Chinese literature and on the social ideological enlightenment by the translation of ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’.The translators such as Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Mao Dun and Zheng Zhenduo are also the important participants of New Literature Movement.Their translation are far beyond the category of translation activities,but a process which crosses the border of ideology,culture and literature in which there is not only positive information sent by Chinese translators to take the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ as a mirror,but also the influence of big power to weak and minor nations in thedissemination of literature translation.It help boost the enlightenment of national independence as well as the literary creation of Modern Chinese literature.In the end,a summary is made about the main points of this dissertation and discusses about the limitations of this study and gives suggestion of the follow-up study.The innovation of this dissertation includes three points:1.This is a relatively systematical study of the translation and dissemination of translating ’the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’ around the May Fourth movement period compared with the former scholars’ study and figures out the general situation based on mastering and combing plentiful and an infallible information.EXCEL software is used to analyze the statistics.Therefore,this dissertation sets a comparative basis of historical materials for deepening the further study in this field.2.Systematically historical materials are sorted out based on combing the records in the following magazines and books:New Youth,the Short Story Magazine(Xiaoshuo Yuebao),Translation Magazine(Yiwen),Annals of Zhou Zuoren(Zhou Zuoren Nianpu),the Complete Works of Luxun(Luxun Quanji)and the Complete Translated works of Mao Dun(Maodun Yiwen Quanji).Studies are made on the translation activities of Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren,Shen Yanbing and Shen Zemin,Zheng Zhenduo,Lu Yan,Hu Yuzhi and Sun Yong,arguing about their thoughts and pursuits of literature.3.This dissertation argues about the the dissemination and influence of the translation of’ the Literature of Weak or Minor Nationalities’,how the translation and dissertation entered the mechanism of Chinese new literature,expanding international vision and influencing the literary creation.The limitations:’The Literature of Weak and Minority Nations,is an extensive concept with wide ranging.This dissertation focuses on the period around the May Fourth Movement and the translated works in the key magazines and by key translators.Thus it is hard to include all the information.The second point is about contradistinguishing the original works and the translated works.The translated works of Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren,Wang Luyan,Mao Dun are from different sources.Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren did many re-translation work form works in different languages:German,English or Japan.Wang Luyan translated from works in Esperanto which were not the original ones.It is hard to find the original edition of the works which were published about one hundred years ago and contradistinguish them.This dissertation mainly sorts out the historical materials and does the preliminary study.The writer hopes this dissertation could lay the foundation for further research.更多还原