【作者】 郭铁明；

【导师】 胡松涛；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 国内外关于室内人体舒适性的研究大部分是基于热舒适展开的,并逐步向光舒适、声舒适等方面扩展,但多以单一环境的人体舒适性研究为主。随着国际标准化组织提出将光环境和声环境等纳入到室内环境整体质量要求的范围内,关于室内人体综合舒适度的研究,即同时考虑多因素的人体舒适性研究日益受到关注。在如飞机座舱、高原列车等特殊环境中,往往还附加有低压对人体舒适度的影响。随着人类社会及生产的发展,此类环境已取得的综合舒适度研究成果越发重要,而研究发现实验数据大多来源于常压常规室内环境,在某些特殊场合不能直接采用。并且,目前对室内人体综合舒适度的研究很少,建立的模型形式也比较简单,其通用性有待验证。本文针对常压及低气压下人体综合舒适度的特性开展研究,具体研究内容如下:首先在总结了热舒适、光舒适和声舒适对周围环境反应的生理学基础上,分析了常压下声、光、热的传播和接收特性。结合低气压因素对不同感受器的生理学特性,研究了低气压对人体热舒适、光舒适和声舒适产生的差异性,为实验研究提供理论基础。其次,依据单一因素舒适度主观评价特性、多因素的综合评价思想,提出了基于效用函数法的综合舒适度评价方法。通过热环境、光环境和声环境舒适性的实验研究,得出了评价模型的无量纲函数,进而绘制了单一因素的舒适区域。同时将“二元权值比较法”引入到层次分析法的判断矩阵中,进而得到了单一因素的重要性比值。在此基础上,依据人们在室内环境极端工况的主观反应,应用惩罚型代换合成得出了综合舒适度的评价模型。基于该评价模型,对人体综合舒适度的影响因素进行对比分析,得出了综合舒适度主要影响因子,依次为:操作温度、噪声等级、照度;同时研究了影响综合舒适度的主导因素,研究发现当影响因子越偏离舒适区域时,其引起综合舒适度的变化量越大,既而成为主导影响因素;划分了综合舒适度的峰值区域、可忍受区域,并提供了一系列常用工况参数的舒适区域线算图。最后,基于常压及低压下人体舒适性的生理学特性和实验结果,对比分析了热舒适、光舒适、声舒适在不同压力下的差异性。应用惩罚型代换建立了80kPa下的综合舒适度评价模型,讨论了评价模型的影响因素及舒适区域。并根据不同压力下舒适感差异性对应的数值关系,对低压下的评价模型进行了修正,探索了低压下人体综合舒适度的表达式。为相关规范的制定和工程设计奠定了理论基础和技术依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human comfort is developed on thermal comfort worldwide.And it gradually extends to luminous comfort and acoustic comfort.But the study of human comfort is still based on a single environment.With ISO proposing to put luminous environment and acoustic environment involved in the overall indoor environment quality requirements,more and more attention is paid to the study on the overall comfort.That is,the study of human comfort considering multiple factors has attracted increasing attention.In the environment of flight carbine and plateau train carriage,there is often the effect of low pressure on human comfort.With the development of human society and production,the overall comfort of this kind of environment is becoming more and more important.However,most of the experiment data found com from the nomal atmosphere indoor environment,and can not be used directly in some special cases.In addition,there is little research on the overall comfort of human body at present.The model is also relatively simple,and its universality needs to be verified.The researches on the overall comfort of human body under normal and low pressure are carried out.The main contents of this study are as the follows.Firstly,the physiological basis reflected of thermal comfort,luminous comfort and acoustic comfort on the surrounding environment is summarized.The propagation and reception characteristics of heat,optics and acoustics under standard atmospheric pressure are analyzed.The difference of thermal comfort,luminous comfort and acoustic comfort caused by low pressure is studied in combination with the physiological characteristics of different receptors.It provides a theoretical basis for experimental research.Secondly,according to the subjective evaluation characteristics of single factor comfort and the comprehensive evaluation thought of multiple factors,the utility function method is proposed as the research method of the overall comfort evaluation.The dimensionless functions of the evaluation model are obtained through the experimental study.The comfortable areas of single factor are obtained.At the same time,the "two pairwise comparison" is introduced into the judgment matrix of analytic hierarchy process.The importance ratio of single factor is obtained.On this basis,according to people’s subjective response to extreme indoor environment conditions,the overall comfort evaluation model is obtained by using penalty substitution synthesis.Based on this evaluation model,the affected factors are compared and analyzed.The main influencing factors of the overall comfort degree are obtained.They are: operative temperature,illuminace and noise level.Moverer,the leading factors affecting the overall comfort degree are also studied.It is found that the more the influence factor deviates from the comfort zone,the greater the change of the overall comfort degree,which becomes the leading factor.The peak areas and the tolerable areas of the overall comfort are divided.It also provides a series of diagrams of comfort area for common working conditions.Finally,based on the physiological characteristics and experimental results of human comfort under atmospheric pressure and low pressure,the differences of thermal comfort,luminous comfort and acoustic comfort under different pressures are compared and analyzed.The comprehensive comfort evaluation model under 80 kPa is established by penalty substitution.The influencing factors and comfort areas of the evaluation model are discussed.According to the numerical relationship of comfort difference,the evaluation model under low pressure is modified.The expression of the overall comfort of human body under low pressure is explored.It has laid a theoretical foundation and technical basis for standard formulation and engineering design.更多还原