方东美华严思想研究

【作者】 刘峰；

【导师】 吴言生；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 宗教学， 2019， 博士

【摘要】 《华严经》宗教思想与华严宗哲学思想,对于方东美文化哲学的塑成具有明确直接的关系。方东美站在民族文化的立场上,通过古今中西的文化比较对《华严经》思想、华严宗哲学展开深入诠释,进而认为中国传统文化的核心内容是,为经验中的价值、道德、真理等提供和安立形而上的依据,以此为现实人格的提升、精神的发展、道德的自由提供坚实的逻辑保障,最终促使生命的天然本性得以充分彰显、生命的有限价值得以超升拓展、生命的精神追求得以永恒实现。方东美视《华严经》以毗卢遮那佛放光形成的“一真法界”为中国文化精神的集中表达,因为它的主要特征是集圆满性与超越性、现实性与平等性、立体性与开放性、上回向与下回向为一体,其表现方式为宗教与哲学合一、诗性与理性并举。因此它占据佛教思想的理论制高点、成功克服西方文化的思想缺陷。同时,具体有效地体现出中国文化天人一际、宇宙一体、人性至善、道德自主、生命流衍、积健为雄等精神特质。因此,方东美认为,在《华严经》思想基础上成立的华严宗哲学,以杜顺建立法界观为标志,以法界缘起观为核心枢纽,依据交相互摄的蕴含逻辑,以系统准确的范畴体系,既为中国传统思想的哲学化、理论化提供了明确直接的思想资源,又提供了行之有效的方法借鉴。所以,在西方学术范式的参照下,中国传统文化顺利获得现代学术的理论形态,通过内在超越型本体论和超绝型本体论的会通比较,中国文化广大和谐的理论特征顿然彰显,西方文化二元分立的理论困境一览无余。这表明,文化的多元与多面,正是代表生命精神的浩荡不羁与创生无限。基于此,方东美总结道:毕竟,地分南北,佛性无南北;人有东西,人性无东西。所以他强调,未来世界的文化格局,应该以公平允正的心态,遵循自救他助的原则,旁通统贯、相互借鉴、整合凝练,以哲学运思完成文化重建,使宇宙世界化成浑然一体、清净光明、真理遍在、价值流布、道德充盈、意义弥漫、艺术灿烂的理想圣境,使个人生命的勃发与众生本性的豁显,最终拥有坚实的支点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Both religious thoughts of Hua Yan Jing and philosophical thoughts of Hua Yan School have explicitly directed the forming of Thome H.Fang’s culture philosophy.Standing for Chinese ethnic culture,comparing Chinese and western culture,Fang interpreted the thoughts of Hua Yan Jing and philosophical thoughts of Hua Yan School.He claimed that the core of Chinese traditional culture in terms of the cultural comparison and reinterpretation between the west and the east is to set metaphysical grounds for value,morality and truth deriving the experiences;to provide the logical enunciation of the development of personality,deepening spirit and moral liberty;to lead to the full display of the life’s natural characters,the limited value’s fulfillment and the spiritual pursuit’s perpetual accomplishment.Thome H.Fang viewed Yi Zhen Fa Jie as the concrete expression of Chinese cultural spirit in case of characterized as the complex of secularity and transcendence,equality and reality,consummation and dimension.So with the Chinese culture’s spiritual particularity,such as the unity of human and nature,heterogeneous association of subjectivity and objectivity,perfect kindness of human nature,self-discipline of morality,evolution of the living etc,it has reached to the essence of the Buddhism and successfully overcome the defect of the western thinking mode in a way of unifying religion and philosophy,imbuing reason with poetic wisdom.At the same time,it well expresses the sprite of Chinese culture that unity of man and nature,kindness of the humanity,autonomy of the ethics,alteration of the life view,progress of accumulation.Dating back to the Hua Yan Jing,Thome H.Fang proclaimed Hua Yan School which was symbolized by the outlook of Fa Jie and pivoted on the kernel of Fa Jie Yuan Qi has afforded thinking resources and feasible methods with interwoven inherence logic and accurate category system for philosophizing and theorizing Chinese traditional thought.Then referring to the western academic paradigm,Chinese traditional culture has absorbed the theoretical form of modern academy and spontaneously demonstrated the Chinese culture’s theoretical harmony paralleling with the inner dilemma of dualism in western culture by the contrast of between intrinsic ontology and extrinsic ontology.As we have seen that cultural plurality and diversification is vital and immeasurable.Thome H.Fang emphasized the pattern of the culture in the future should follow the principle of autogenetic assimilation;take up a justifiable attitudes toward the eclecticism,reference,appreciation and summarization;achieve the reestablishment of culture in a philosophical thinking,as a result of making a strong support for the world to be a paradise,the individuality to be specificity and the humanity to be naturalness.更多还原