【作者】 王文慧；

【导师】 秦书生；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 在马克思主义意识形态思想发展史上,列宁与葛兰西这两位来自东西方不同阵营的马克思主义理论家和革命家,在继承马克思意识形态思想的基础上,分别与本民族文化传统和具体国情相结合,形成了各具特色又相互辉映的意识形态思想。由于民族文化传承、社会结构和革命形势的差异,列宁与葛兰西对他们意识形态思想的主旨——领导权及意识形态思想的主要内容进行了不同的阐释,主要表现在对领导权的侧重点、获得的必要条件和方式、意识形态的划分标准、实施场所与载体、意识形态建构与教育主体及教育途径等方面的差异性解读。但共同的理论传承基础——马克思的意识形态思想及其在实践中不断发展的必然逻辑,又使他们表现出了明显的相同性,即都强调坚持无产阶级领导权的重要性及注重领导权建设的总体性视域、解构意识形态的否定性含义、强调意识形态的能动作用、重视政党和知识分子的主导作用、强调意识形态话语表达与教育传播机构(载体)的重要作用等。列宁与葛兰西的意识形态思想都表现出了独特的创新性。列宁的创新性主要体现在他提出了科学的意识形态概念并阐述了社会主义意识形态建设问题、将意识形态的阶级性拓展到党性原则并全面论述了意识形态灌输论;葛兰西的创新性在于他通过提出完整的国家观重构了市民社会理论并强调国家的伦理教化功能、通过强调文化的意识形态功能探讨了意识形态的微观心理运作机制、通过延展意识形态内涵指认了意识形态的宏观运作机构。他们也有各自的局限性,列宁强调的意识形态灌输,缺乏自觉因素,一般很难真正获得普通民众的自觉认同;葛兰西的意识形态思想的研究显得不连贯、不系统,许多论证还不够严谨。随着全球化进程的不断推进,列宁与葛兰西意识形态思想的互补性也渐趋明显,即源于外部强制的硬权力与来自内在自愿的软权力的统一、政党意识形态(精英)与国家意识形态(大众)的融合。针对当前我国意识形态建设所面临的挑战,列宁与葛兰西意识形态思想比较研究具有重要的启示意义。对我国意识形态建设主要内容的启示主要有以下五个方面:坚持前提下的创新发展是我国意识形态建设的根本任务、实现大众的自觉认同是我国意识形态建设的主要目标、提升教育主体的素质是我国意识形态建设的内在要求、增强教育和传播的实效性是我国意识形态建设的重要手段、坚持总体性与协同性是我国意识形态建设的必要条件;对我国意识形态建设实现路径的启示也相应体现在五个方面:积极构建社会主义核心价值观以丰富意识形态内涵、牢筑“中国梦”以推进意识形态的全民认同与共识、加强党和知识分子先进性建设以确保意识形态的方向性、注重社会组织管理并打造新型媒体以巩固意识形态阵地、实施“四个全面”以增强意识形态的解释力与凝聚力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the history of Marxist ideology theories,Lenin and Gramsci,the two Marxist theorists and revolutionists who were from two different camps,the East and the West combined with their unique national cultural tradition and specific national conditions respectively and formed their own ideology theories which were both unique and mutual reflecting.Due to different cultural heritage,social structure and revolutionary situation,Lenin and Gramsci explained the purport of their hegemony and the content of ideology differently which reflected in different understanding in the following aspects:emphasis points of hegemony,necessary condition and the way of obtaining hegemony,classification standard,working place and carrier,subject and way of constructing and educating of ideology.However,because of their same theory of inheritance of Marx’s ideology and its inevitable logic result in practice,they also showed obvious intercommunity that they both stressed the importance of insisting proletariat hegemony and paid attention to totality view of hegemony construction,deconstructed negative meaning of ideology,emphasized motility of ideology,attached importance to the main effect of party and intellectuals and highlighted the vital function of language expression and education training institutions(carrier)of ideology.Both Lenin’s and Gramsci’s ideology theories are of great innovativeness.Lenin’s innovativeness is on the following areas:firstly,he put forward scientific conception of ideology and expounded construction problem of socialist ideology;secondly,he expanded class nature of ideology to the principles of party spirit;thirdly,he discussed the ideological indoctrination theory all-roundly.Gramsci’s innovativeness lies in the following aspects:firstly,he reconstructed theory of the state by setting forth integrated state conception and underlined ethical culture function of the state;secondly,he discussed the micro psychological mechanism of ideology by emphasizing ideological function of culture;thirdly,he identified the macro operation institutions of ideology by extending connotation of ideology.They also had their own limitation.Lenin emphasized indoctrination of ideology which lacked self-conscious elements and accordingly was difficult to obtain conscious identity of the masses.Gramsci’s ideology theory showed incoherence,non-systematic and lackness of rigour in lots of demonstrations.However,both sides are highly complementary along with the continuously progress of globalization:one is unification of forcing hard power from extrinsic and willing soft power from inner,the other is combination of political ideology(elites)and national ideology(the masses).To the challenge of ideology construction of our country,study on comparison between Lenin’s and Gramsci’s ideology theories has great sense of enlightment.The enlightment to the main content of our ideology construction lies in five sides:innovation under the premise of sticking is the basic tasks;realization of the public identity is the main target;promoting quality of subjects of education is the inherent request;enhancing effectiveness of broadcast is the important means;persisting in totality and cooperativity is the essential condition.Accordingly,the enlightment to the implementation path are the following five aspects:establishing socialist core values to rich ideological connotations;building "the Chinese Dream" to propel public consensus;reinforcing the advanced construction of the party and intellectuals to ensure the directivity;paying attention to social organization management and forming the three-dimensional diverse ideological dissemination system;carrying out the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy to strengthen the explanatory power and cohesive force.更多还原