【作者】 程华；

【导师】 戴健；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育管理， 2018， 博士

【副题名】以《上海市全民健身实施计划（2011-2015年）》为例

【摘要】 公共政策是政府行政施政的重要手段,是促进人们遵循一定规章进行社会实践活动的重要保障,是提高社会生产力、改善生产关系、增加社会财富和促进社会和谐发展的重要工具。任何政策评估的实施均需依照科学的程序和标准,对执行情况和产生的效果进行科学有效的评估分析,并采取积极有效的手段调正、优化或终结政策的过程。体育政策评估对于了解体育政策执行状况,明悉政策结果信息,改进未来政策制定,增强政策自身活力,提高政策质量意义重大。因此,建立和完善大众体育政策执行效果评估体系对推动服务型政府建设、实现体育强国目标、解决体育发展主要矛盾、提高国民素质有着重大的理论意义和实践价值。根据研究需要,本文对电子文献资源和纸质文献资源进行检索并收集大量的相关文献资料。纵观国内外的关于大众体育政策的相关研究,主要有以下特点:(1)从研究的基本理论来讲,对大众体育政策执行的基本理论进行综合性、系统性的研究比较匮乏。(2)从研究的内容来讲,对大众体育政策执行和评估涉猎较少,亟需深层次的学理剖析。(3)从研究的视角来看,未从经济社会宏观环境等方面的影响去研究大众体育政策执行的效果,相关的研究视角比较狭隘,应该进一步拓展。(4)从研究的方法论来看,建立在社会科学定量实证基础上的定量研究和定性研究相结合的大众体育政策研究较少,综合运用数理方法、系统方法(如系统仿真)、社会调查和数据化处理等方法在研究中应用较少。从政策、公共政策、公共政策执行的相关概念入手,就政策过程理论、公共经济学理论、公共选择理论、新公共管理思潮等四大理论观点解析公共政策执行的理论依据,进而通过执行主体、执行客体、执行资源、执行手段等相关理论知识的分析,找到了大众体育政策执行的基本理论依据。进而为大众体育政策执行评估指标体系的构建奠定良好的理论基础和方向指引。政策评估在整个政策过程中占据着重要的地位,对于政策的有效执行及其效果的产生有重大影响。要选择比较契合我国国情的大众体育政策评估的模式,必须从理论上阐述清楚大众体育政策评估功能、评估的限度、评估模式的选择。在大众体育政策执行效果评估指标体系构建中,一定要考虑相关主体的参与和影响,进而能有效保证选取指标和指标体系的科学性。根据研究需要,笔者对美国、法国、日本3个主要发达国家在大众体育政策评估实践进行了详细整理和归纳。发达国家的经验做法,对处于快速发展的中国大众体育政策执行效果的评估起到了很好的借鉴作用,为构建具有中国特色、科学、可操作的大众体育政策执行效果评估研究提供了方法上、模式上、价值取向上、评估维度上以及未来对策上等方面的参考。从大众体育政策执行效果评估指标体系的概念及构建背景以及构建要求即综合囊括“全面性”和“特殊性”指标、综合考虑“科学性”与“可操作性”指标、综合设计“层次性”和“独立性”指标等出发,采用文献资料法、头脑风暴法、德尔菲法、层次分析法等方法,经过专家两轮问卷调查,最终构建了由1个目标层指标、6个要素层指标和20个具体测算指标组成的大众体育政策执行效果评估指标体系。进而在对相关指标范畴、功能及作用进行阐释的基础上,本研究选择上海市执行《全民健身实施计划(2011-2015年)》这一政策的效果做了实证研究,通过科学的定性和定量数据的采集,采用层次分析法和MATLAB软件的应用分析的方法,确定计算指标的递进层次和分类指标权重,并通过评估指标权重与一致性检验,通过理论和实证的推导和分析,最终上海市全民健身实施计划(2011-2015年)执行效果综合评估值为3.0086,综合等级为良好。基于大众政策执行效果评估体系中相关利益主体以及承担的角色,同时根据政策学执行理论分析,本文从高度重视我国大众体育政策制定、强化我国大众体育政策执行要素协同、提升我国大众体育政策执行监督水平等方面提出优化我国大众体育政策执行效果的策略,以此推动我国大众体育健康快速的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public policy is an important means of government administration.It is an important guarantee for people to follow certain rules and regulations for social practice activities.And it is an important tool for improving social productivity,improving production relations,increasing social wealth,and promoting harmonious social development.The implementation of any policy assessment must be scientifically and effectively evaluated and analyzed according to scientific procedures and standards,and the active and effective methods should be adopted to adjust,optimize or end the policy process.The assessment of sports policies is of great significance to understand the implementation status of sports policies,to clearly understand the results of policy results,to improve the formulation of future policies,to enhance the vitality of policies,and to improve the quality of policies.Therefore,the establishment and improvement of the evaluation system for the implementation of public sports policies has a significant theoretical and practical value in promoting the construction of service-oriented government,realizing the goals of sports power,solving the main contradiction of sports development,and improving the quality of citizens.According to research needs,this article searched a large amount of relevant literature information on electronic literature resources and collecting paper literature resources.A review of the relevant studies on mass sports policies at home and abroad mainly includes the following features:(1)From the basic theory of research,there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the basic theories of the implementation of mass sports policies.(2)From the content of the research,They are less concerned with the implementation and evaluation of mass sports policies and are in urgent need of a lack of deep theoretical knowledge.(3)From the perspective of research,the effect of public sports policy implementation has not been studied from the perspective of the economic and social macro-environment,and the relevant research perspective is still relatively narrow and should be further expanded.(4)From the perspective of research methodology,there are few researches on mass sports policies based on quantitative research and qualitative research based on quantitative evidence of social sciences.the comprehensive use of mathematical methods,system methods(such as system simulation),social surveys,and data processing methods are less used in research.Starting from related concepts of policy,public policy,and public policy implementation,analyzing the theoretical basis for the implementation of public policies from the four major theoretical perspectives of policy process theory,public economics theory,public choice theory,and new public management thinking,then through the analysis of relevant theoretical knowledge such as executive body,execution object,execution resources,and execution means,the basic theoretical basis for the implementation of mass sports policy is found.This will lay a good theoretical foundation and direction for the construction of a public sports policyimplementation evaluation index system.Policy evaluation plays an important role in the entire policy process,and has a significant impact on the effective implementation of policies and the production of their effects.To select a mode of evaluation of public sports policies that is more suitable for China’s national conditions,it is necessary to clearly explain theoretically the functions of public sports policy evaluation,the limits of assessment,and the choice of assessment models.Therefore,in the construction of the evaluation index system for the implementation of mass sports policy,it is necessary to consider the participation and influence of the relevant entities,which in turn can effectively ensure the scientificity of the selected indicators and indicators system.Based on the research needs,the author conducted a detailed review and summary of the popular sports policy evaluation’s practice in the three major developed countries of the United States,France,and Japan.The experience and practices of developed countries have provided a good reference for the assessment of the effectiveness of the rapid development of China’s mass sports policies,serving as a good reference for the evaluation of the implementation effect of the rapid development of China’s mass sports policy,and provides methodological,mode,value orientations,assessing dimensions and future countermeasures for the construction of evaluation results with the Chinese characteristics,scientific and operational effects of mass sports policies.From the concept,construction background and construction requirements of the evaluation index system for the implementation of public sports policy implementation,comprehensively include “comprehensive” and “special” indicators,comprehensive consideration of “scientific” and “operable” indicators,and comprehensive design “levels Starting from indicators such as “independence” and the use of literature,brainstorming,Delphi,AHP,and other methods,two rounds of questionnaires were conducted by experts to finally construct a target-level indicator and six-element indicator.The evaluation index system for the effectiveness of the implementation of the mass sports policy consists of 20 specific measures.Furthermore,based on the interpretation of the scope,functions,and functions of related indicators,an empirical evaluation of the implementation results of the“Shanghai National Fitness Implementation Plan(2011-2015)” was conducted.After the evaluation indicator system for the implementation of mass sports policies was finalized,this study selected the implementation of the “National Fitness Implementation Plan(2011-2015)” policy as an empirical study,through the collection of scientific qualitative and quantitative data.Analytic hierarchy process and MATLAB software application analysis methods are used to determine the progressive levels of the calculated indicators and the weights of the classification indicators,and through evaluation of indicator weights and consistency tests,and finally implement the Shanghai National Fitness Implementation Plan(2011-2015).Evaluate the effectiveness of the analysis.Through layered theory and empirical derivation and analysis,the overall performance evaluation of the implementation plan of the National Fitness Program in Shanghai(2011-2015)was 3.0086,and theoverall grade was good.Based on the relevant stakeholders and roles assumed in the implementation evaluation system of public policy implementation,and based on the theory analysis of policy implementation,a strategy to optimize the implementation of mass sports policies is proposed.That is to optimize the formulation of China’s mass sports policy:to optimize the implementation of mass sports policies in China;to promote the reform of government management agencies,improve policy evaluation system innovation,and expand the monitoring channels for policy effectiveness.更多还原