【作者】 刘薇；

【导师】 曹炜；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 疑问句是按照句子的语气划分出来的基本句类。疑问句研究是近代汉语语法研究的一个热点问题。本文选取宋元明时期具有代表性的文献语言加以研究,并在考察中全程应用了计量统计的方法,从而真实而又详尽地展示了宋元明时期疑问句系统的发展演变。全文共分六章。第一章为绪论,简要交代宋元明时期汉语疑问句研究概况,研究对象及语料选择,研究的意义、目的和方法。第二章至第五章依次讨论了宋元明时期汉语特指问句、是非问句、选择问句以及正反问句四大类疑问句在宋元明时期的发展演变。第二章,从特指问句的疑问焦点出发,将疑问句分为询问人物、事物、时间、处所、数量、原因目的、方式方法共七类的特指问句。在每一类别中,我们根据特指问句所使用的疑问代词进行计量统计分析,发现不同时期对同一疑问内容所使用的疑问代词各有偏爱,同一疑问代词在不同时期所询问的内容也各有侧重,这种偏爱与侧重是一种不可逆现象。第三章,从是非问句的语气副词入手,通过对语气副词的考察,发现在宋元明这一时期内,同一语气副词在不同时期传达的语气不同。由于语气副词在是非问句中出现时往往伴随着否定副词,到了明代,语气副词发生了群体性的语法化现象。例如,在宋代表示测度语气的单音节语气副词“莫”、“岂”,到了明代,大多以“莫不”、“岂不”的形式出现在是非问句中,表示反诘语气。第四章,从选择问句的连接词入手,发现选择问句的句式变化明显,主要表现在连接词由成对出现逐渐变化为单个出现,甚至可以不出现。同时,选择问句也在逐渐摆脱对语气词的依赖。元代之后,在选择问句内部,可以通过一定的方式加强或削弱选择项之间的对比效果。第五章,从正反问句所使用的否定词入手,发现宋元明时期内正反问句的变化主要体现在否定词的变化上。正反问句中的否定词从宋代只有单音节形式逐渐发展到明代以双音节否定词为主。第六章为本文的结语,整理归纳了主体部分的基本结论。宋元明时期汉语疑问句的发展演变主要体现在疑问代词、疑问副词、疑问语气词以及疑问句式等的发展演变中。原有的部分疑问代词、疑问副词、疑问语气词以及疑问句式的逐渐消失,新的疑问代词、疑问副词、疑问语气词以及疑问句式的出现,以及新旧要素的交迭更替,是这一时期汉语疑问句发展演变的重要特征,诸如疑问代词发展双音化现象明显,疑问副词逐渐语法化,从中古继承的疑问语气词地位逐渐式微,而新兴产生的疑问语气词大量出现等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The interrogative sentence is the basic sentence type which is divided according to the mood of the sentence.At present,the study of modern Chinese interrogative sentence has become a hot topic in the study of modern Chinese grammar.This paper selects representative literature language from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,uses the statistical methods in the whole process of the investigation,to show the interrogative system evolution from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty as real and detailed as possible.This thesis consists of six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,including Chinese interrogative sentence research purpose and significance,the history,current situation and research steps and methods brief explanation in song and Ming dynasties.The second chapter to the fifth chapter discusse the diachronic changes of four types of questions from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty including special question,yes-no question,alternative question and A-not-A question in proper order.The second chapter,starting from the question focus,the interrogative sentence is divided into seven categories special questions about people,things,time,location,quantity,purpose and reason,ways and means.In each category,we conduct a statistical analysis according to interrogative pronouns,and the finding is that there are different kinds of interrogative pronouns in different periods for asking the same question,at the same time,the content of the same interrogative pronouns in different periods is also different.Furthermore,these differences cannot be reversible.The third chapter is starting from the adverb of yes-no questions,through the study of modal adverbs,we find that the adverb of mood appears frequently with the negative adverb in the yes-no questions during the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty,causing a grammatical phenomenon of modal adverbs during the Ming Dynasty.The monosyllabic modal adverbs,like Mo(莫),Qi(岂),which appear in the form of Mobu(莫不),Qibu(岂不)to express interrogative mood during the Ming Dynasty.The fourth chapter,starting from connectives of the alternative question,we found that the most obvious change is in the sentence pattern of alternative question,which changed from pairwise to single,even absence.The fifth chapter,starting from the negative words used in A-not-A question,we found that A-not-A questions remained almost unchanged from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,except negative words changed.The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper,which summarizes the basic conclusions of the main part.The article pointed out that the diachronic changes of interrogative sentence are mainly reflected in the changes of interrogative pronouns,interrogative adverbs,interrogative modal words and interrogative sentences,some of them disappears,some of them created.In other words,the alternation of the old and the new is an important feature in the development of Chinese in this period.From Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty,interrogative pronouns generally become disyllabic,interrogative adverbs become solidified structure,and the role of modal particles from ancient Chinese in interrogative sentences is getting less and less important,instead,modal particles newly generated are abundant.更多还原