当代上海市井小说的诗学建构

【作者】 张艳虹；

【导师】 殷国明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 上海是一个被不断赋予意义的城市,她是中国最为现代化的城市,在这座城市现代、飞速、时尚的面貌之下,又有着窘迫的城市空间状态和世俗的市民阶层。这种多元复杂性体现在文学作品中,表现为上海的作家们自觉远离庙堂文化的恢弘堂皇、强壮有力,更乐意在看似无聊乏味、狭小的空间中,展现城市日常生活内部所包含的差异与冲突,并在其中寻找上海市井的意义与滋味——一种市井的世俗与智慧。“市井”作为城市地域性的灵魂与根基,其核心在于差异与冲突,这是城市发展的自然状态。她不是原生态的俗文化,而是雅与俗、本地与外地、中国与西方等多向度的杂糅。我们既能感受到文化中平稳和谐的一面,也能看到潜藏在文化之下的冲突与差异的一面。作为理论的探讨,论文将着重对上海市井小说的文化内涵与诗学逻辑做出考察,对小说中的共识性、结构性的部分进行美学和文化性的考察。关注文学中的市井能否以及如何成为诗学讨论的对象,能够突破既有的诗学范式。市井小说是上海当代文学中的重要组成部分。一方面,“市井”必须通过文学形象才能够落实。在上海的文学叙述中,市井细民日常生活的文学表述从未中断过,海派文学、市民小说、新市民小说、市井小说一脉相承。另一方面,“市井”也构成了我们研究具体文学作品的意义机制,这其中蕴藏着上海小说之所以成为上海小说的原因。市井以空间概念的形式出现在日常生活之中,潜身于城市的外部空间、家庭生活空间以及语言的交流空间之中。市井通过街道这一公共空间作用于城市日常生活的外部空间,成为城市的显性景观。街道、街道上的人、街道上的物,以及对于街道的想象共同组成了街道叙述的体系。街道的建立、街道的市井属性,以及街道的城市想象,无一不是对于市井的外部空间的呈现。上海对于家庭空间有着不同寻常的执着,家庭的内部空间影响着日常生活的形态,形塑着整个城市中的市民以及城市关系。伴随着从弄堂到新村的家庭空间的变化,与之相伴随的是市井的生存智慧、文化传奇以及价值追求的改变。沪语所承载的市井文化之腔调,是市井栖身的隐秘空间。沪语所呈现出的不仅是上海人的日常生活,也是呈现了整个市井世界。而市井的种种意识、文化、流转、趣味都在这些方言中,通过语言的表述呈现,再现了上海的人情与世情。这些作品通过不同的方言的叙述,丰富了市井的内容,展示了一个不同于人们以往所想象的世界。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shanghai is a city that has been continuously given meaning.She is the most modern city in China.Under the modern,rapid and fashionable appearance of the city,there is also a state of distress in the urban space and the secular civil society.This diverse complexity is reflected in the literary works in many aspects.Shanghai writers consciously away from the temple culture grand powerful,and more willing to show the differences and conflicts in the daily life of the city in the seemingly boring and narrow space.Also,they would like to search for Shanghai civic meanings and tastes,i.e.,the civic secular and wisdom.Civicculture is regarded as the soul and foundation of the city region,the core of which is the difference and conflict.Civicculture is the manifestation of the conflict and difference in the city,which is the natural state of urban development.She is not the original ecological folk culture,but elegant and vulgar,local and foreign,China and Western multi-directional hybridity.We can not only feel the smooth and harmonious side of the culture,but also can see the conflict and the difference between cultures.As a theoretical study,this thesis focuses on the investigation of the cultural connotation and the logic of the novels,and makes an aesthetic and cultural investigation of the consensus and structural part of the novel.Also,we focus on whether the civic in literature can be the object of poetic discussion and how to realize it.Meanwhile,we also investigate whether this discussion can break through the existing paradigm.The civic novel is an important part of contemporary literature in Shanghai.Civicculture must be described through the literary image.In the literary narration of Shanghai,the literary expression of the trivial life of the people of the city has not been interrupted.The Shanghai literature,the citizen novel,the new citizen novel and the civic novel are in the same strain."Civic" constitutes the significance of the study of specific literary works,which contains the reasons why the Shanghai novel has become a novel in Shanghai.Civic cultureis in the form of the concept of space in the daily life,which is hidden in the external space of the city,the family living space and the space of language communication.Civic culturehas become a dominant landscape of the city,through the public space of the street.The streets,the people on the streets,the things on the streets,and the imagination of the streets form a system of street narratives.We interpret the street for the appearance of civic culturefrom the following aspects,including the establishment of the streets,the streets of the city properties,as well as the streets of the city.Shanghai has a special attachment to the family space.The internal space of the family affects the form of daily life,shaping the city’s citizens and urban relations.With the change of the family space from the alley to the new village,it is accompanied by the survival wisdom,the cultural legend and the change of the value pursuit from the aspect of civic.The dialect of civic culture lying in Shanghainese provides a private space for civic.Shanghainese presents not only is Shanghai people’s daily life,but also presents the entire civic world.However,all sorts of awareness,civic culture,transfer,interest are displayed in these dialect.Human reproduction and life in Shanghai are represented by language expression.These works enrich the content of the civic through a variety of dialects,showing a different world from people’s imagination.更多还原