民国太湖流域的自然灾害与应对策略研究（1912-1937）

【作者】 李扬；

【导师】 邹农俭；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 专门史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 我国自古以来就是一个自然灾害多发的国家。民国时期是自然灾害频发、群发时期,太湖流域是物产富饶、经济发达之区域,探讨这样一个区域的自然灾害发生机制及其应对之策,具有一定的典型性和代表性。民国时期太湖流域自然灾害种类多,以水灾、旱灾、虫灾为主;自然灾害发生频次高,对经济发展和社会稳定在不同程度上均造成了影响。民国政府通过设立机构、实施立法,建立了系列性的防灾、减灾和救灾策略,包括急赈、工赈和农赈等,并根据具体的灾情实施不同的赈灾措施。由于政治、战争等各种因素的影响,政府的灾害应对策略成效大打折扣。在政府应对灾害的同时,民间义赈迅速兴起,显示了社会组织、社会力量在救灾过程中不可替代的作用。因此,从民国时期太湖流域应对自然灾害的过程中,可以看到初步形成了政府、社会力量共同治理自然灾害的现代气息。本文全面梳理了民国时期太湖流域的灾害概况,整理了民国政府和民间社会的赈灾策略,分析了政治、经济、社会因素与自然灾害之间的互动关系。通过探究民国时期太湖流域的自然灾害及其应对策略,将为我国社会力量(主要是非营利组织)应对自然灾害、社会危机提供一定的历史启示,为现代救灾工作提供某种新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has been prone to natural disaster since the ancient times.Natural disasters happened frequently during the period of the Republic of China,especially the Taihu Basin,which is abundant in natural resources and well-developed in its economy.Therefore,it is of paramount importance to research the natural disasters in such typical areas and find strategies to prevent and solve these problems.During the period of the Republic of China,various natural disasters such as flood,drought and plague of insects etc.took place frequently in Taihu Basin,resulting in damages to the economic development and social stability on different levels.The government of the Republic of China set up institutions,implemented legislations,made coping strategies on series of disasters,including emergency relief,work relief and agricultural relief etc.and took different measures according to the specific circumstances of disasters.Due to various factors such as politics and wars etc.,the coping strategies of the government of the Republic of China gradually lost its actual influence.In addition to the governmental response,the rise of the non-governmental relief revealed the irreplaceable role played by the social organizations and powers.Therefore,from the case of Taihu Basin during the period of the Republic of China,it is easy to figure out that the modern frame of controlling and preventing natural disasters through the cooperation among the government and social powers already took shape at that time.This paper comprehensively introduces the general situation of the disasters in Taihu Basin during the period of the Republic of China and combs the coping strategies and relief methods of the government and social powers and analyzes the interrelationship between disasters and other political,economic and social factors.The study of the Taihu Basin and its coping strategies on natural disasters during the period of the Republic of China,will provide historical enlightenment for the social powers(mainly the non-profit organizations)in our countries to approach the problems of natural disasters and social threats and gives some new ideas to construct the modern relief work.更多还原