【作者】 王健；

【导师】 邬焜；

【作者基本信息】 西安交通大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 信息时代已经到来。然而究竟“信息是什么?”,这成了今天的“斯芬克斯之谜”。综观国内外学术界,各种观点与进路可谓纷繁凌乱、旁逸斜出。以“出其类、拔其萃”为志趣,本研究独辟蹊径,试图返回概念、进入问题本身,并以之为引导,在超越性的哲学视域内,对可能的信息观念及其所给予的世界图景进行一番探问:无论从视角、旨趣、进路还是问题域上看,这都根本是一项形而上学的活动。本研究首先对“信息”及其所归属的“信息哲学”论域进行概念史的考察,展露了信息概念之原初、本真意涵的沉降和信息哲学之于一种融贯研究范式的趋近,更重要的是初步厘定了后续研究的论题根基和主旨标的:古典形式理论和当代信息哲学,前者以柏拉图和亚里士多德的形而上学为代表,后者以卢西亚诺·弗洛里迪和邬焜的形而上学为代表。由此,我们便可以深入到“信息”的形而上学“根源”、“初识”、“突围”、“图景”、“姿态”和“另一种信息观念”等六大面相之中。切入古典形式理论,首次为“信息”研究奠定深刻而充实的形而上学根基,是本研究的第一个创新所在。尤其重要的是,建基于其所给出的两种相反相成的世界图景,“信息”概念脱离了“实体性思维”的解释误区,得以获得直接性和生成性等的内在主义特征,进入到一片独特而新颖的研究视域中。据其所初步厘定的信息观念:柏拉图式的和亚里士多德式的,基本上涵盖了当代信息哲学研究的可能进路。本研究的第二个创造性贡献来自于对“自然信息”之谜的独特性探寻和解答。截然不同于学界限于“主客二分”框架的探讨,笔者选择直面来自于现象学的反诘,真正地深入到海德格尔对信息与技术、信息与生活(生命)、信息与语言的原始文本,和梅洛-庞蒂对形式之中介性、场域性和整体性,以及“信息意味着什么”的现象学论说中,获得了超出现象学之外的“别有天地”:信息,即自然之于人的显现。由此从超越性的视域内解答了信息形而上学的根本疑难,进而也立定了理解当代信息形而上学的“观台”与“心神”。选择从焕然一新的视角出发,沿着“信息及其在世界中的位置”的主线,本研究首次深刻而全面地把握了卢西亚诺·弗洛里迪和邬焜的信息形而上学理论:前者突出了由基本概念到世界图景的层次递进的致思路径,后者刻画了从宏观到微观、从描述到绎解、从建构到解构的两种比较性研究旨趣。综而言之,弗洛里迪所谓的信息,尽管内涵不同,然而却与知识具有几近相同的外延,离开信息无以阐述作为“信息圈”的新世界景观。这是柏拉图主义的信息观念,尽管逻辑上无可辩驳,事实中却难令人信服。在比较性的视域内,西蒙栋与邬焜的研究进路颇为相合,而弗洛里迪与邬焜之间则多有抵牾:无论从信息与意义、信息与实在的关系,还是对人在世界中的位置而言都是如此。邬焜在某种程度上持有亚里士多德式的信息观念,尽管逻辑上可做增补,却极具自然主义旨趣。从古典根源中吸取营养,结合现象学的超越性视域,借鉴当代信息哲学的卓越智识,论文的最后一部分构成了本研究的第三个也是最突出的创新,即独特地刻画了形而上学中的终极信息观念:信息,即可见的不可见化。概括而言,这是以对另一种信息观念的思忖(信息究竟是什么)为致思取向,依循形而上学的终极追问(存在者指向存在的超越),层级呈现出信息和事物、世界、存在和那“不可见的”之间的相即相离之关系,进而在超越性的哲学论域中最终获得的。内蕴在其中的另一种形而上学的信息世界图景,已然无需显白地呈现出来,其后的延续和追问都成为对它的再行“遮蔽”或解构,以迈向一种关于信息的“伟大的哲学”。更多还原

【Abstract】 Without no doubt that,the information era,as a kind of informational tide,which eroded all the aspects of Human society and culture,has been arrived.In neither common lives nor scientific researches,we could really acknowledge the nature of information."What is information" ? This is the new sphinx riddle after the middle of 20 th century.Reviewed on the international studies,it is hard to say the answer is clear enough: rather than too few,we talked too much.This paper is not intend to add another definition of information,but rather to back to the problem and concept themselves,and follow them to made an inquiry of a new worldview given by a possible information conception:whether from viewpoint,aim,approach or problem horizon,it first looks like a metaphysics activity.Inspected from the conception history of "information" and "philosophy of information",we could find the down of the original and true meaning of "information",and the approach to a coherent paradigm of the philosophy of information.The more important thing is that we could know the topical foundation and main aim of this paper:ancient classic Form Theory and contemporary philosophy of information,the former is represented by Plato and Aristotle,the later is represented by Luciano Floridi and Wu Kun.Inquiry on the ancient classic Form Theory could give us two dialect worldviews,in which,being and entity,form and nature would get their own meanings.Based on them,we could acquire two preliminary definitions far away from the same: Plato’s information conception is in-directive and constituent externally;Aristotle’s information conception is directive and generative internally.This settled the root of most possible approaches for most of contemporary information metaphysics.However,the ancient classic theory could not explain the relations between "information" and "nature" clearly.The interrogation comes from the Phenomenology,and only from which we could find the answer.Go deep into the context of Heidegger,who once discussed the relationship between information and technology,life,language from the perspective of realistic lives,and the context of Merleau-Ponty,who once talked the intermediary,horizontal and holistic nature of Form from the view of cognition and body,we could acquire something out of phenomenology: information,is the appearance of nature in human’s life.Therefore,we finally get a "level" and a pair of "eyes" to talk about contemporary information metaphysics.Follow the basic question of information metaphysics: information and its place in the world,we then show many scholars’ conceptions,which would finally come the Floridi’s description of contemporary information world.All in all,Floridi’s information has the same extension as knowledge while their in-tension are different,without information,we even could not talk about "information sphere" as the new worldview.This is a Platonism information conception,which is logical but not believable.Turn to Wu kun,the comparison between Gilbert Simondon,Floridi and Wu could show his information metaphysics stance deeply and comprehensively.Wu’s theory has more sameness with Simondon than Floridi: whether the relationship between information and meaning and reality,or human and world.Wu’s theory is belonging to Aristotelian,although its logic is not perfect but it is naturalism.To see is to do.Based on those researches of contemporary information metaphysics,this paper’s final step is,following the pursuit of metaphysics(the transcendental from beings to Being),by the approach of considering another information conception,to show the close relationship between information and things,world,Being and the "invisible" :information,is the invisibility of visible-s.Another metaphysics worldview of information is rooted in it,and the pursuits are all the "re-hide" and deconstruction on it,towards to a “great philosophy” of information.更多还原