【作者】 胡雪婵；

【导师】 吴长安；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 本文从成语理论研究发展回顾和语义韵(semantic prosody)概念溯源展开,基于单语语料库和平行语料库,通篇选取书面语语料,对汉语成语语义韵的本体理论及其实际应用问题展开探索。本文除引论和结语外,共由七章内容构成:第一章,对成语和语义韵现有的研究成果进行综述。一方面梳理成语的内涵与归属、特点、来源和发展途径、结构与意义、认知研究概况;另一方面追溯语义韵的概念源头、整合语义韵的界定、特征、分类、生成机制和语用功能、研究方向和发展趋势、评判标准、提取方法和计算方法等问题。第二章,界定汉语成语语义韵的概念并对其进行分类。首先在对置于EUM核心地位的汉语成语及其语义韵进行界定并解析的基础上,区分与汉语成语语义韵相关的几个概念。其次对汉语成语语义韵进行分类和举例,分为消极语义韵、中性语义韵和积极语义韵。第三章,通过例证,总结汉语成语语义韵的基本特征和功能。特征包括:稳定性、可开发性、隐秘性、评价性、连续性和可传递性;功能体现为对汉语成语形式、意义和功能界面的整合。第四章,采用共时和历时相结合的方法对汉语成语语义韵的历时发展进行描述并阐释原因。汉语成语语义韵演变的特点是:语义倾向的稳定性、语义韵强度的连续性、演变的不平衡性。推动汉语成语语义韵演变的因素有二:(1)保持汉语成语语义韵稳定发展的因素,包括成语来源的沿袭性、成语意义的稳定性、成语自身结构的稳定性及其句法位置的固定性;(2)造成汉语成语语义韵发展不平衡的因素,包括搭配项和句法位置对汉语成语语义韵的压制、隐喻认知模式对汉语成语语义韵的修整、言后行为对汉语成语语义韵的约束、从俗从简心理对汉语成语语义韵的影响。第五章,首先对汉语成语语义韵冲突进行分类,包括节点词换字、搭配项异质、类联接和替换成分的异质、语义韵异质及强度不和谐引起的冲突;其次讨论汉语成语语义韵冲突的意义,即促使汉语成语产生新的义位、实现特殊交际效果;最后讨论汉语成语语义韵冲突消解的几个阶段,包括语义韵的稳定阶段、语法位置发生变化、搭配项义范围扩大、局部语义韵使用数量增多和新语义韵常模固化。第六章,探讨汉语成语英译问题。首先,梳理汉语成语英译的理论基础;其次阐释确立跨语言对应单位的过程;最后通过例证,探讨汉语成语英译过程中语义与语义韵的接口,包括静态与动态的接口,形式与意义的接口。第七章,探讨语义韵理论在对外汉语成语教学中的应用问题。首先,以“五花八门”和“形形色色”为类例,探讨同义成语辨析的新途径,并对对外汉语同义成语辨析提出针对性建议;其次,从语义韵角度分析基于HSK动态作文语料库的二语学习者作文语料偏误,并对对外汉语成语教学提出建议;最后,梳理和评价现有对外汉语学习词典(尤其是成语部分)的编纂问题,强调语义韵提示是现阶段对外汉语学习词典编纂应该重视并解决的突出问题。本论文关于语义韵理论进行的新视角的梳理和探索、关于将语义韵理论运用于汉语成语研究的初步尝试,对汉语成语理论、汉语成语英译、成语词典编纂、对外汉语成语教学等领域的研究均具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper originates from the retrospect of the theoretical research of Chinese idioms and history of semantic prosody.Based on monolingual corpora and parallel corpora,chosing written Chinese all through the passage,this paper explores the theory and practice of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.The major contents of this paper are as follows.The first chapter summarizes the relevant researches of idioms and semantic prosody.On one side,the studies sum up the depth and adscription,characters,belongings and developing,structure and meanings,cognitive research.On the other side,the studies conforms the original concept,definition,characteristics,classification,generative machanism,pragmatic function,research direction,developmental tendency,of semantic prosody,measurement,methods of withdrawing and calculating of semantic prosody.The second chapter defines and classifies the semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.This chapter gives the name of Chinese idioms and their semantic prosody which is in the central position of EUM.Based on it,this chaper makes the distinction of several concepts from semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.Then this chapter classifies and gives some examples for semantic prosody of Chinese idioms,such as positive prosody,negative prosody and neutral prosody of Chinese idioms.The third chapter summarizes the basic characteristics and function of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.The characteristics conclude stability,exploitation,tacitness,evaluation,persistence and transitivity.The function is a kind of integration of interface include form,meaning and function of Chinese idioms.The fourth chapter portrays and explains the developing of the semantic prosody of Chinese idioms using synchronic and diachronic methods.The characteristics of developing are stability of semantic preference,continuity of prosodic strength,imbalance of developing.The promotion of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms concludes(1)The reasons of stable developing are follows of origin from Chinese idioms,stability of Chinese idioms meaning,stability of constructure and syntactic position;(2)The reasons of imbalance of develoing are the impose on semantic prosody from collocation and syntactic position,repairs of cognitive and metaphorical mode,constraints from perlocutionary act,influnce from simple mental models.The fifth chapter goes on exploring the development of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.Firstly,it classifies the conflict of semantic prosody,concluding changing of character from node word,heterozygosity of collocation,colligation and semantic prosody,imbalance of prosodic strength.Then,this chapter discusses the meaning of conflict which concludes the promotion of new sememe and special communitacion strategy.Finally discusses the periods of disambiguity of conflict,concluding stable period of semantic prosody,change of grammatical position,expansion of domain of collocation,increase of local semantic prosody and solidifying of new prosodic norm.The sixth chapter discusses the English-Chinese translation of idioms.Firstly,it summarizes the theorical basis.Then explains the progress of establishment of corresponding units of meaning by examples.At last,this chapter exlores the interface between semantic and semantic prosody which includes the interface between static state and dynamic state,form and meaning.The seventh chapter explores application of semantic prosody on teaching Chinese as a second language.Firstly,this chapter researches the distinguishment of synonyms based on the theory of semantic prosody through the examlpes“五花八门”and“形形色色”.At first,it analysis the semantic prosody and its corespondance based on the native language corpus.Then based the intermediary language corpus,this chapter tests the effectiveness of the distinguishment and discusses the reason.Secondly,this chaper explores the application of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms in teaching Chinese as a second language.Also based on the HSK Corpus,this chapter analysis the biased errors in the students abroad.Lastly,after the reason analysis,this chapter reviews the learner’s Chinese dictionaries,especially the part of Chinese idioms.This chapter points out that the biggiest deficiency is the lack of semantic prosody of Chinese idioms.This paper is beneficial to the theory of semantic prosody and research of Chinese idioms.It also provides a new angle for the combination of semantic prosody and Chinese idioms,compilation of Chinese dictionary of idioms,teaching Chinese as a second language of idioms,research of Chinese idioms,research of English-Chinese translation.更多还原