【作者】 王春；

【导师】 李百战；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国建筑行业的发展,大型项目建设呈现投资大、工期紧、过程复杂、管理难等一系列困境,为此住建部从“十一五”就开始推广建筑信息化的建设,增强BIM等信息技术集成应用能力。在建筑业的各个相关专业中,暖通专业应用BIM涉及的范围最广、信息最多、深度最深,因此在完成建筑信息化转变过程中,暖通专业担负重要的职责。作为暖通专业的从业者,如何利用BIM技术整合暖通专业在建筑工程建设全寿命周期内的信息是实现本专业全面信息化的关键。而仅建立暖通专业的BIM模型,不仅会导致模型的整体性与信息连贯性存在较大问题,而且没有全面利用该模型的直接对象,这些弊端将降低该任务模型的实际利用价值和推广价值。本研究在综述国内外研究现状和相关理论分析的基础上,确立以建筑工程建设全周期的信息流作为研究对象,面向项目业主(管理者),建立项目全景计划通用任务模型(含暖通专业相关任务的子模型)和通用信息流模型来解决上述问题。本文通过对3个大型复杂建筑项目的管理人员进行半结构式访谈,梳理出涉及工程策划、设计、施工、成本、招标采购等多个领域的549个任务项,同时调研完成任务项的责任部门和参与部门,形成了项目全景计划通用任务模型的初稿。通过对11位业内专家进行德尔菲法问卷调研,对通用任务模型的初稿结构进行了大幅的调整,并微调任务项,最终形成了包含9个一级任务包、35个二级任务包、94个三级任务包,549项任务的通用任务模型,为业主建立项目进度计划提供基础模板,建立业主不同管理层级间信息交流的统一平台。结合通用任务模型,针对暖通专业的相关系统设计任务、设备物料招标采购任务、施工及其调试任务,建立了相应的任务子模型,设立子模型一级任务包14个、子模型二级任务包27个、子模型三级任务包2个、子模型任务项204项。针对项目调研情况,本研究进一步明确了建筑工程建设过程任务项的重要程度,定性任务项延期完成对项目进度、成本和质量的综合影响程度,在通用任务模型中引入任务项的“进度重要性”指标;同时为了进一步加强对项目进度计划执行时的不确定性管理,区分任务项工期的浮动程度,引入任务项的“工期浮动性”指标,为后期的项目进度管理研究打下了良好的基础。接着对比分析了现有的建模技术,选择IDEF0建模技术,结合本研究的特点,对其进行了修改,提出了名为IDEF0w的建模方法来对项目全景计划通用任务模型的任务项及其过程信息、逻辑关系等进行模拟,建立了包含1652条需求信息的项目全景计划通用信息流模型,并通过DSM技术进行优化,为业主快速准确建立项目进度计划提供策略。结合现有项目常规进度管控方法,针对项目进度信息的“少数据、贫信息”特性,提出了以均值GM(1,1)模型为基础的新型建模方法,定量预测项目进度方法,结合项目实际需求和通用信息流模型,建立数列预测和区间预测相结合的任务项预测模型和需求预测模型,并根据任务项自身的特点对预测结果进行优化,为项目进度计划执行提供了有效的预测工具。在项目进度计划执行出现冲突时,结合通用信息流模型,提出了定量评估相关职能部门影响的方法:根据通用信息流模型中任务项之间的逻辑关系确定项目进度冲突影响范围,结合任务项的“进度重要性”和“工期浮动性”两个属性,通过层次分析法计算各职能部门在该进度冲突中的工作时间、投入资源和地位的权重,定量评估各职能部门的建议对项目的综合影响程度,以及工期存在不确定性的强弱,为业主高层集中决策提供参考。最后本文选取了一个典型大型复杂项目作为工程实例,验证了通用任务模型和通用信息流模型的适应性和有效性,同时通过该工程实例中的典型问题对项目进度跟踪预测方法和项目进度协调方法进行应用,结果证实了研究的模型和方法的实际效果明显,最后通过案例项目的整体执行效果侧面体现了本研究的价值以及较高的应用推广前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of building industry in China,large scale construction projects are confronted with a series of difficulties,which are charactered with huge investments,tight schedules,complicated processes and difficult management.To solve these difficulties,Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(MOHURD)has promoted the informatization of building construction since the 11 th Five-year Period and has made efforts to improve the application ability of information technologies,such as BIM.In the related professions of building industry,HVAC has applied with BIM in the widest range and the deepest depth,which is the reason for that HVAC plays an important role during the process of the construction informationization.For a jobholder of HVAC,how to apply BIM to integrate the information of HVAC during the whole life cycle of the project development is the key to realize the whole informationization of HVAC.However,if we just set up the BIM model of HVAC,there will exist huge problems in the integrity and continuity of the model,and the direct object of the model will not be fully used.These disadvantages will decrease the actual utilization value and popularization value of this task model.Based on the review of the research status at home and abroad as well as the related theoretical analysis,this paper studies on the information flow of the whole construction period in the project.And oriented with the project owner(manager),the paper builds up the general task model(including sub-models of related tasks in HVAC)and the general information flow model to solve above problems.This paper firstly sorted out 549 task in total in many fields including project planning,design,construction and cost by unstructured interviews with 3 typical city complex project managers.Meanwhile,it investigated the functional departments and participating departments of tasks,and formed the first draft of the general task model of project panorama plan.Through Delphi method questionnaire survey of 11 industry experts,the first draft structure on the general task model was greatly adjusted,and after fine adjustments of tasks,a general task model finally came up containing 8 first level tasks,35 secondary tasks and 94 third-level tasks,general model 549 tasks,which provides the basic template for the owners to create the project schedule,and establishes a unified platform for information exchange between the owners from different levels of management.Combined with the general information task model,the paper build up corresponding task sub-models towards system design,bidding procurement,construction and debugging in HVAC,which add 14 first level task packages,27 secondary level task packages,and 202 tasks for sub-models.In view of the project research,to further clarify the importance of building engineering construction task and to qualitatively determine the comprehensive effects of the delaying on the schedule,cost and quality of the project,a task index “schedule importance” was introduced in the general task model.At the same time,another task index “construction period floatability” was introduced to further strengthen the uncertainty management when implementing the project schedule plan,to distinguish between the duration of the task item.These two task attributes lay a good foundation for the late research.On the comparison and analysis of the modeling technology,combined with the characteristics of the study,IDEF0 modeling technology has been amended,and this paper proposed a new modeling method named IDEF0 w to simulate the information and logical relationship of each tasks in the general modeling of panoramic planning.It also established a project plan panoramic general information flow model including 1652 items of requirement information and optimized by the DSM(Design Structure Matrix)technology,which provides strategies for owners to establish project schedule plan rapidly and accurately.Combined with the existing conventional methods of project progress control and in view of the "poor data and poor information" performance during the project schedule plan,the paper proposed a new modelling method in which it takes the mean GM(1,1)model as the core for quantitative prediction of project schedule.Together with the actual needs of the project and the general information flow model,it constructed prediction models of tasks and needs with the combination of sequence prediction and interval prediction,which provides an effective tool to predict the project schedule.When there are conflicts in the process of project implementation,based on the information flow model,the paper put forward a method of quantitatively evaluating the influence of related departments when a conflict appears: Make sure of the scope of schedule conflict according to the logic relationship between tasks in the general information flow model.Concern two attributes of the task “schedule importance” and “construction period floatability”,and then calculate the time span,the resource input and the weight of each functional department through analytic hierarchy process.Quantitatively evaluate the comprehensive effect of all functional departments’ advice on the project and evaluate the uncertainty of the construction period to offer the inference for senior owners’ decision.Finally it selected a typical large complex project as an example to verify the adaptability and effectiveness of the general task model and the general information flow model,and it applied the method of progress tracking and prediction and the method of coordination management of project schedule to the typical problems of the project.The results confirmed the actual and obvious effect of the model and method in the study.At last,through the case’s whole implementation,the value of this research is demonstrated from a side,and its application prospect is very high.更多还原