【作者】 李锋；

【导师】 韩端锋；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 舰船通达性是舰船总体布局优劣与人员流动、物资流动效率的体现,对舰船的作战能力、保障能力和生命力有着重要的影响。随着我国海军舰船朝着大型化方向的发展,舰船的总体布局日趋复杂,人员和物资流动效率对舰船效能的影响也越来越重大。在目前的相关研究和现行规范中,对舰船通达性的系统研究较少,没有明确的定义,也缺乏有效的评估指标和评估方法。针对舰船方案设计阶段,以舰船通达性为核心依托,分析和提出了舰船通达性的定义、要素和主要研究对象,研究了舰船通达性中舱室布局要素的多目标寻优和有限布局方案的多属性决策问题,以期建立一套基于通达性的支撑大型舰船总体方案设计、优化、评估、决策的体系和方法。建立了基于典型场景的舰船通达性评估指标体系,该体系以每个典型场景下的布局指标、进程指标、时间指标和环境指标为框架,以影响人员流动和物资流动效率的阻碍因素为具体评估指标。针对人员和物资流动的时间计算问题,提出了基于动态网络流的人员流动时间估算模型,和基于随机Petri网的物资流动时间估算模型,为方案设计阶段的舰船通达性评估模型提供便捷算法。建立了舰船舱室布局的多目标寻优模型,该模型从人员和物资舱室间流动成本、舱室邻近或远离要求和舰船环境对人员的影响三个方面寻求舰船舱室布局的平衡。提出了基于网格的甲板平面和舱室表达方法,设计了寻优模型的参数计算简化模型,实现了舰船舱室布局多目标寻优模型的快速计算。建立了基于分层进化多目标优化模型的舰船舱室布局多目标寻优算法策略,并针对舰船舱室布局的特点,设计了矩阵编码方式和初始种群生成、遗传交叉、遗传变异的方案,提出了区块内舱室排布算法,并分别通过单层和多层的甲板舱室布局寻优的算例,验证了算法的可行性和有效性。基于舰船舱室布局方案多目标寻优结果,进行了舰船通达性的多属性决策研究。为了尽可能地减少评估专家主观因素对指标层权重的影响,选取了五种客观多属性决策方法:信息熵评价法、最小二乘灰色关联法、相对熵排序法、离差最大化法和拉开档次法分别进行了适用性研究。结果表明即使没有主观因素的影响,不同评估方法的评估结论也存在非一致性问题。因此,采用了基于方法集的组合评估法,对五种方法的评估结论进行组合评估,并寻得最终排序结果,以供决策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ship accessibility reflects the relationship among the merits of the general layout of ships and the efficiency of flow of persons and materials,and has important influence on the ship’s combat capability,support capacity and survivability.In China,with development of large-scale naval ships,the general layout of ships is becoming increasingly complex.Also,requirements for the efficiency of flow of persons and materials are increasing.In recent correlation research and existing standards,there are little systematic researchs and certain definitions of ship accessibility,in addition to the lack of effective assessment indicators and methods.At preliminary design stage,according to the ship accessibility,this thesis analyses and presents the definition,elements and main research objects of ship accessibility.In addition,the multi-objective optimization of elements of ship cabin layout and multi-attribute decision-making problems of limited layout scheme related to accessibility are studied,in order to establish an accessibility-based system and method,which applies to overall design,optimization,evaluation and decision-making of large ships.The evaluation index system of ship accessibility is established based on representative scenario,which takes the indicators of layout,process,timing,environment under each scenario as the framework,and obstructive factors of the efficiency of persons and materials as specific assessment indicators.In the calculation problem of the persons flow and materials flow,calculation model of personnel flow based on dynamically network flow is proposed,as well as the time-estimated model of materials flow based on stochastic Petri nets,which provide a convenient algorithm to assessment model of ship accessibility at the stage of preliminary design.A multi-objective optimization model of ship cabin layout is established,which seeks balanced result from three aspects,namely,the cost of the flow between people and supplies cabin,the requirements of adjacent or distant compartments,the ship-environmental impact on people.The method of grid-based flat decks and cabins is presented.Simplified parameter calculation model for optimization model is designed to achieve fast calculation of multi-objective optimization model of ship cabin layout.The algorithm strategy of ship cabin layout is established based on hierarchical evolutionary multi-objective optimization model.In addition,according to the characteristic of ship cabin layout,matrix coding and the generation of the initial plan and the scheme of genetic crossover and genetic mutation are designed and algorithms of block-chamber arrangement within the chamber is proposed,numerical examples of single and multi-deck cabin layout are calculate to verify the feasibility validity of the algorithm,respectively.The research of Multiple Attributive Decision Making based on multi-objective optimization results in multi-deck cabin layout program is conducted.To minimize the impact of subjective factors of assessment experts,considering the weight of a representative scenario,five objectives Multiple Attributive Decision Making are selected:Information Entropy Evaluation,Least Squares Gray Correlation Analysis Method,the Relative Entropy Sort,Maximizing Deviation Method and Opened the Grade method,among which the adaptive research are carried out respectively.The results show that there exsists inconsistency among the evaluation conclusions drawn by different evaluation methods even subjective factors are ignored.So combination assessment methods based on method set are adopted for evaluation of different kind methods,and for seeking the most satisfied combined assessment conclusion as the final order for decision-making.更多还原