【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 忻展红；

【作者基本信息】 北京邮电大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 经济全球化迅速发展,世界经济正在发生一个根本性的变化。“国际竞争国内化、国内竞争国际化”已经成为中国企业发展的大趋势,尤其是IT领域。我们可喜地看到,很多国内企业在市场竞争的推动下,依据自身发展战略,已经开始了国际化道路,并取得了不俗的成绩。同时我们也应该清醒的认识到,中国企业国际化才刚刚起步,已经遇到了很多风险和问题,比如亏损严重、文化与制度差异、贸易壁垒等,这些都说明,中国企业国际化并不会一帆风顺,道路崎岖坎坷是必然的。在国际化的进程中,中国IT企业走在了最前列,其中有成功经验,更有失败的教训,这些经验教训急需要总结提炼,为后续更多的中国企业参与全球化竞争带来参考和启迪,因此,如何测度中国IT企业国际化是否成功是目前面临的一个新的课题。本文采取的是定性与定量相结合的研究方法,而定量研究是主体。定性研究主要目的是找出适合中国IT企业国际化测度的关键指标体系,这里的研究分为:文献追踪(第二章和第四章)、个人实践(第六章)、问卷调查(第五章)、案例研究(第六章)等,用于找出主要测度因素集。定量研究主要目的是确定中国IT企业国际化的因素并建立模型,这里的研究分为:案例测度分析(第五章)、主要测度变量的统计分析(第五章)、通过统计回归和检验得到最终的因素、建立新的8因素蛛网模型(第五章)、选择六个典型IT企业进行实证分析(第六章),以此来验证模型的有效性,并发现了不同的国际化路线,从而提出相关策略与建议。本文包含八个章节。第一章是导论部分,首先介绍了本文研究内容的宏观背景,介绍了中国企业国际化的基本状况,引出本文研究的问题以及研究内容的意义所在,向读者展示了研究思路和内容框架结构,然后介绍了本文的主要研究方法及创新点。第二章概述部分,介绍了国内外各学者在企业国际化方面的研究成果。首先,介绍了国际上发达国家学者关于企业国际化相关理论的研究成果,比如国际贸易的理论、国际产品生命周期理论等。其次,对发展中国家学者在相关企业国际化理论方面的研究成果,对阶段性发展理论等进行了详细的介绍与综述。最后,归纳总结了国内外研究结果,评述了国内外研究现状并做了比较,为本文后续的研究做好铺垫。第三章对全球企业国际化的发展历程进行了深入的研究。首先以三次科技革命为主线,对西方发达国家的企业国际化发展历程进行了探索与研究,对三次科技革命对企业国际化发展的影响状况进行了总结和评述。随后对中国企业的国际化历程进行了介绍,通过起步阶段、强化阶段以及高速发展阶段三个时期,展现了改革开放以来中国企业国际化发展的基本路径。第四章对现阶段国际上主要的企业国际化测量方法进行了介绍,同时对企业国际化测度方法的发展也进行了回顾,尤其是对n因素的蜘蛛网模型的阐述尤为详细,为后文中国IT企业国际化程度的测度奠定了理论基础。第五章对中国IT企业国际化影响因素进行了深入的实证分析。首先从宏观层面上分析了整体上中国企业国际化的影响因素,随后从微观层面上分析了中国IT企业国际化的影响要素。最终研究结果显示:来自内外部的8个因素对企业国际化产生了重要影响,无论是企业自身还是国家政府,在制定企业国际化经营的方针策略时,要综合考虑,全面评价这些因素的作用,使得制定的方针政策更加有效,建立并优化了新8因素的蛛网模型。第六章是案例分析部分,挑选了中国六家IT企业作为案例对其国际化发展状况进行了分析,并且在第四章和第五章内容的基础上,对各案例的国际化水平进行了测度,通过新n因素蛛网模型的计算,发现不同企业有着不同的国际化发展历程,有着差异化很大的国际化发展战略,进而国际化发展的结果也就差距很大。第七章是政策建议部分,根据上文研究内容将中国IT企业国际化历程中体现的问题进行归纳与总结,有条理的指出中国IT企业国际化过程面临的一些问题和不足,并从政府层面和企业层面给予了解决问题、推动企业国际化快速发展的政策建议和观点,为中国企业未来的国际化之路出谋划策。本文的主要创造性工作:(1)根据亲身经历企业在海外的经营管理、销售服务、人力资源管理等方面实战经验,从理论高度,选择了中国企业国际化程度最高的几个IT企业进行深度解剖,形成中国企业国际化要素调查问卷,并进行了调查分析;(2)在前人研究的基础之上,对调查进行分析提出了新8因素蛛网模型;(3)精心选择了六家IT企业,采用新8因素蛛网评价模型进行实证分析,总结了中国IT企业国际化的三种路线及优劣势;(4)据此提出中方外派资源能力、海外本地化资源能力、研发能力这三个关键点,这三点决定了中国IT企业国际化程度的高低;(5)对政府政策建议外,着重提出了 IT企业制定战略规划、海外人才培养等7条具体措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of economic globalization, the world economy is undergoing a fundamental change. International and domestic competition has become the trend of the development of Chinese enterprises. We are welcome to see that many domestic enterprises in the market competition, driven by their own development strategy, has begun to the international road, and achieved good results especially IT enterpises.At the same time, we should also be aware that the internationalization of Chinese enterprises has just started, and these domestic enterprises have encountered a lot of risks and problems, such as serious losses, Cultural and institutional differences, trade barriers and so on.Chinese enterprises internationalization will not be smooth, and the way to internationlization will be tough.Chinese IT enterprises have both successful and failure experiences in the internationalization, and the lessons learned from these experiences need to be summarized and refined. Then bring more Chinese enterprises to participate in the globalization competition. Therefore, how to measure the success of Chinese IT enterprises internationalization is a new topic.This dissertation adopts qualitative and quantitative research methods,and quantitative research is the main body. The main purpose of the qualitative measures is to find the key indicators system for Chinese IT enterprise’ internationalization. The study includes some parts: Literature tracking (the second chapter and fourth chapter), personal practice (the sixth chapter), questionnaire (the fifth chapter), case study (the sixth chapter). These quantitative methods can help us to selecte a initial set of factors which affecting Chinese IT enterprise’ internationalization. The main purpose of quantitative research is to identify the factors of internationalization of China IT enterprises and set up a analytic model which can be used to measure the level of Chinese IT enterprise’internationalization. This study includes some parts: case measure analysis(The fifth chapter); statistical analysis of main measure variables; by the statistical regression and test to obtain the final factors, then 8 factors new cobweb model is set up (The fifth chapter); six typical IT enterprises are selected, and 8 factors new cobweb model is adopted to them to give the empirical analysis (The sixth chapter). The dissertation verifies the effectiveness of the model, and find different international routes, so as to put forward relevant strategies and suggestions.The dissertation contains eight chapters. The first chapter is the introduction,. which introduces the macro background of the research,introduces the basic situation of our country’s enterprises internationalization, introduces the problem and the significance of the research. This chapter shows the research ideas and content framework, and introduces the main research methods and innovation points of this paper.The second chapter summarizes the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in the internationalization of enterprises. First of all, this chapter introduces the research results of the theory of international trade,the theory of international trade, the life cycle theory of international product, and the theory of enterprise internationalization. Then this chapter introduces the research results of the theory of developing countries in the relevant enterprise internationalization, such as the theory of the stage development, the theory of the advantage, the specific advantage, the theory of marginal industry, exchange rate to promote the internationalization of enterprises and so on.In the third chapter, we study the development process of the internationalization of global enterprises. First of all, this chapter takes the three scientific and technological revolution as the main line. We explore and research the western developed countries in the international development process of enterprise, then summarize and review the impact of the enterprise internationalization development. At last, this chapter introdeces the internationalization of Chinese enterprises through three periods (the initial stage, strengthen stage and the rapid development stage),and the basic way for internationalization of Chinese enterprises.The fourth chapter introduces the main international measurement methods of enterprises, and also makes a prospect of the innovation development of the enterprise internationalization, especially the N factor method.In the fifth chapter, we make a deep analysis of the factors affecting the internationalization of Chinese IT enterprises. First of all, we analysize the macro-level influencing factors of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises, then the micro-level influence factors. The final results show that we should take into account internal and external fact of the enterprise’s international influence. Through these analysis, we optimize and establish the new N elements cobweb model.The sixth chapter is the case analysis part. We selected six IT enterprises of our country, and analyzed each case of the enterprise internationalization. Based on the content of the fourth chapter and the fifth chapter, we measure the internationalization level of each case, through the calculation of N elements cobweb model. We found that different enterprises have different internationalization process, has differentiated a lot of international development strategy.There are big gap of internationalization results between different enterprises.The seventh chapter is the policy suggestion part. According to the above study contents, we summarize the process and problem of internationalization of Chinese IT enterprises. We pointed out that we face many problems and the insufficiency on the way of internationalization.So we give several policy advice and opinions to government and enterprises. At the same time, we make plans for the raods of Chinese enterprises internationalization.Finally, chapter eight summarizes the dissertation and gives the future research points.The main creative points of the dissertation: (1) The deep study for successful international enterprises in China, especially based on my personal experience of the overseas business management, sales and service,human resources and the theoretical research; (2) Base on previous research,the new 8 factors cobweb model is set up; (3) Carefully chosing six IT enterprises, then summarizes the advantage and disadvantage of three kinds of route for the internationalization of Chinese IT enterprises through new 8 factors cobweb evaluation model for empirical analysis; (4) The dissertation summarizes three key points of chinese IT enterprise enternationalization: HR capabilities for localization, HR capabilities for overseas staff, research and development capabilities. This three points determines the level of Chinese IT enterprise internationalization; (5)Besides, government policy proposals, the dissertation make seven specific proposals for enterprise such as strategic planning, overseas training and so on.更多还原