【作者】 杨萍；

【导师】 杨勇；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国社会经济的持续发展,电力需求日益增长,配电网中负荷峰谷差值愈加显著。由于负荷峰谷差往往持续的时间较短,导致用电高峰时段拉闸限电,而多数情况下发电容量又处于闲置状态。因此,我国目前电力需求现状不是总量不足,而是高峰时段用电负荷过大,这也是全球电力行业公认的难题。针对这种情况,单纯依靠增加发电容量是不经济的,提高需求侧的管理水平是解决问题的有效方法,特别是对直接负荷控制(Direct Load Control,简称DLC)进行优化调控,作为需求侧管理的一个重要措施,将为电网提供更好、更有效的服务。目前,配电网中以空调、电热器等为代表的直接负荷控制越来越呈现出负荷集中、数量多、容量总和大等特点,并已成为配电网中重要的负荷之一。作为资源的DLC具有一定的蓄冷储热能力和操控性,同时具有快速响应和可恢复性,特别是对DLC进行调峰控制对于解决高峰用电有着重要的实际意义。论文重点研究了DLC调控的可行性和DLC资源与容量估算。设计了调控系统的体系结构和DLC网络通信层次结构;研究数据报格式功能、通信协议、校验检测方法以及保障电力数据安全的加/解密算法。通过分析DLC通信系统中的各种滤波方法,提出OFDM和盲信号分离相结合的算法以及DLC调峰优化等问题。具体研究内容包括:1.简要介绍了电力需求侧管理(Demand Side Management,简称DSM)的重要作用,分析了配电网存在的主要问题和部分时段电力供应紧张的原因。给出DLC的概念、具有的特点以及作为旋转备用资源的可行性,通过对国内外研究现状的阐述,进一步明确了论文研究的目的和意义。针对辽宁省某市2013年供暖前后日负荷数据进行分析,研究气温与日最高、最低负荷值之间的关系,探讨了气温与电力负荷的相关性。在对实际电网数据分析的基础上,用理论计算和统计数据估算了 DLC的资源和容量,结果表明,现有的DLC负荷资源完全能满足作为旋转备用网络优化控制的需要。设计了 DLC网络优化控制系统的重要组成部分的体系结构,对DLC系统必须具备的监控、通信和执行系统的三大功能分别进行了探讨和研究。对提高电能质量起到调峰优化的作用进行了分析。2.通信系统是DLC优化系统的关键环节,结合ISO/OSI和Modbus协议各自的优点,对DLC通信系统进行了改进设计。提出了新的网络架构模型,明确了每层完成的功能。设计数据报格式、相应的指令以及通信数据的处理过程。针对CRC循环冗余校验存在的漏洞,完善了数据链路层CRC校验算法。结合CRC和LRC的特点提出了一种新的应用层数据校验方法。从DLC网络数据在通信中的保密性、完整性和可靠性的需求出发,分析了 DLC网络可能面临的风险,基于改进的RSA公钥算法对DLC数据进行加/解密,并通过实例进行了验证,有效地保证了 DLC通信网络的安全可靠。3.针对高速的DLC网络通信系统,分析了电力信道自身的特点,给出电力线衰减模型并进行了仿真。研究了电力线信号滤波的几个经典算法,卡尔曼滤波算法、单载波调制CDMA算法以及正交频分复用OFDM算法,并详尽分析了各自应用在DLC网络通信中的缺陷与不足,提出了把第四代数字通信技术核心OFDM和盲信号分离算法FastICA相结合的新方法,给出了 CDMA、OFDM和论文提出的OFDM+FastICA方法进行Matlab仿真比较,得出论文所提出的方法收敛速度快,同时随着信噪比的增加,误码率更低等优点,该方法有效地提高了电力通信的抗干扰能力,传输质量得到了保障。4.以用户端DLC空调为例,分析得到温度控制系统的数学模型以及空调负荷的计算方法。基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,简称GA)和运行参数的设置,设计了基于GA的DLC的空调负荷优化错峰运行和避峰轮休流程。提出了基于模糊模型的鲁棒H∞控制方案,给出了基于模糊控制器的控制策略,由于模糊控制器的状态可以跟踪实际系统状况,同时模糊控制器的状态是连续的,便于在连续时域上分析系统的稳定性。考虑了网络诱导时延和丢包问题,保证了模糊控制器可以根据有限采样信息来逼近实际系统的状态。依据FE-NCS分析和模糊鲁棒H∞控制,考虑到空调用户的舒适度和满意度,设定了必要的约束条件。根据设计方案和数学推导对DLC的空调系统进行了模拟仿真,仿真结果显示了该调峰控制的可行性和有效性,能够达到对配电网DLC调峰优化控制的目的。论文中提出的观点和研究的问题,特别是对网络通信系统研究,对于指导配电网DLC优化调峰起到重要的作用和实用效果。控制和利用好DLC资源,对于改善系统负荷曲线,降低运行成本,特别是DLC的调峰控制对于解决高峰用电、发展新能源、实现低碳化等方面起到重要作用,同时更有利于电力企业和用户实现双赢。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous development of our society and economy,the growing demand for electricity,a significant increase in the difference between the distribution network in the peak and valley.Since the difference between peak and valley duration is often shorter,resulting in cuts peak hours of power,but in most cases it is idle generation capacity.Therefore,our current situation is not less than the total electricity demand,but electricity load is too large during peak hours,which is the world’s electricity industry recognized problem.For this case,simply increasing the generation capacity is not economical to improve the level of demand side management is an effective way to solve the problem,especially for Direct Load Control(DLC)to optimize control,as demand side management an important measure,the grid will provide better and more efficient service.Currently,the distribution network to air conditioners,heaters,represented by DLC increasingly showing concentrated loads,quantity,total capacity and other characteristics,and has become an important power load in distribution network.As DLC resources has some cold or heat storage capacity and handling,with rapid response and recoverability,especially in adjust peak load control to solve the peak power has an important practical significance for DLC.Research works on DLC control feasibility and DLC resources and capacity estimation.Architecture and design of the DLC network communication hierarchy;research data format functions,communication protocols,power parity detection methods to protect data security and encryption/decryption algorithms.By analyzing the various DLC communication systems filtering method proposed OFDM,blind signal separation combining algorithm and optimization DLC adjust peak control problems.Specific studies include:1.A brief introduction of Demand Side Management(DSM)the important role,the analysis of the main reasons for the existence of the problem and part of the distribution network power shortage period.The concept of DLC is given,as well as the feasibility of having the characteristics of spinning reserve resources through elaborate on current research,and to further clarify the purpose and significance of this study.Performed for a city in Liaoning province in 2013 before/after heating daily load data analysis,research the relationship between temperature and the highest/minimum daily load values to explore the correlation between temperature and power load.On the basis of the actual grid data analysis,theory and statistical data calculated by estimating the resources and capacity of the DLC,the results show that existing resources can meet the DLC load optimization control as spinning reserve network needs.Design an important part of the architecture of DLC network optimization control system.DLC system must have three functions monitoring,communication and implementation of the system were carried out to explore and study.Adjust peaking to improve power quality optimization plays the role analyzed.2.DLC optimized communication is the key to the system,combined with ISO/OSI respective advantages and Modbus protocol,the DLC has been improved communication system design.Proposed a new network architecture model,a clear function of each layer is completed.Design data format,corresponding to the process instruction and communication data.Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC)for the presence of vulnerabilities improves the data link layer CRC checksum algorithm.Combined with the characteristics of CRC and LRC,a new data check method presents of application layer.DLC network data from the communication confidentiality,integrity,and reliability needs,analyze the risks faced by DLC network may improve the RSA public key algorithm based on the DLC data encryption/decryption and verified by examples,effectively ensure the safe and reliable communication networks of DLC.3.DLC network for high speed communication systems,analysis of the characteristics of the power channel,the power line is given attenuation model and the simulation.Studied several classic algorithms of the power line signal filtering,the Kalman filter algorithm,CDMA single-carrier modulation algorithm and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)algorithm,and a detailed analysis of the shortcomings of their application in DLC network communication and the proposed the new method of the fourth-generation digital communication technology and core OFDM combines blind signal separation algorithm FastICA,then given CDMA,OFDM and OFDM + FastICA proposed methods comparison in Matlab simulation,the method of fast convergence presented in dissertation,at the same time with increases SNR the bit error rate lower,this method effectively improves noise immunity of power communication,the transmission quality is guaranteed.4.Client of DLC as air condition for example,analysis of the air conditioning load temperature control system to get the mathematical model and calculation methods.Based on Genetic Algorithm(GA)settings and operating parameters,the design has been optimized to run staggering GA-based air conditioning load of DLC and averting holiday processes.Robust control scheme is proposed based on fuzzy model,given the fuzzy controller based control strategy,due to the state of the fuzzy controller can track the actual system conditions,while the state of the fuzzy controller is continuous,facilitate continuous time domain stability analysis of the system.Consider the network induced delay and packet loss to ensure that the fuzzy controller can be used to approximate the actual state of the system based on limited sampling information.Based FE-NCS analysis and fuzzy robust control,taking into account the user’s comfort air conditioning and satisfaction,set the necessary constraints.According to the design of programs and mathematical derivation of the DLC’s air conditioning system was simulated,the simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the peaking control,can achieve the purpose of optimizing distribution network DLC peaking control.Research ideas and issues raised in the paper,especially for network communication system insights,guidance for optimizing the distribution network DLC adjust peak plays an important role and practical effects.Control and make good use of DLC resources for improving the system load curve,reduce operating costs,especially for solving DLC adjust control peak demand,the development of new energy,low-carbon and other aspects plays an important role,at the same time will be more conducive to achieve the both win between electric power companies and users.更多还原