【作者】 黄浩；

【导师】 曾国安；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 政治经济学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 文化产业被称为21世纪的黄金产业,从20世纪70年代后,得到各国高度重视,获得了蓬勃发展,成为不少国家的支柱性产业。从世界各国文化产业发展的历程看,一个国家文化产业的发展就是其文化产业集群不断形成发展的过程。中国是文化资源大国,党和政府高度重视文化建设和文化产业的发展。2009年,国务院常务会议通过了《文化产业振兴规划》,标志着文化产业战略已经上升为国家战略。目前,中国部分地区文化产业的发展速度十分迅速,尤其是大量新兴文化产业发展速度超过了许多传统产业,这当中,文化产业集群发挥了重大作用,成为加快文化产业发展的突破口,成为区域经济新的增长点。但是,在文化产业集群发展中,出现了集群创新不足、价值链升级缓慢、文化资源破坏、文化传统流失等问题。这些问题既影响我国文化资源的保护与开发,也制约了我国文化产业的国际竞争力。寻找文化产业集群实现可持续发展、包容性增长的正确路径已经成为当务之急。文化产业是对文化资源的开发。在资源开发过程中,学者们已经发现在市场和政府之外,还存在大量自发的中间性组织。这些中间性组织也是一种资源配置手段和机制,而且这些自主组织在一些公共资源的开发中,相比市场和政府手段,具有更好的资源配置效率。伟大的史学家司马迁在其著作中描绘出人们自发组织场景。“故待农而食之,虞而出之,工而成之,商而通之。此宁有政教发徵期会哉?人各任其能,竭其力,以得所欲。故物贱之徵贵,贵之徵贱,各劝其业,乐其事,若水之趋下,日夜无休时,不召而自来,不求而民出之。岂非道之所符,而自然之验邪?”(《货殖列传》出自《史记》卷一百二十九、列传第六十九)。上述文字可以看出,在没有外来力量指导的情况下,人们能够自发组织起来,各自努力工作,竭力追求自己想要的东西。本文的目的就是探索文化产业集群发展的规律,找出文化产业集群发展的动力源泉,找到解决集群及其周边环境和谐、可持续、包容发展的途径。本文围绕两条线索展开研究。一条线索是通过对文化产业集群发展规律和发展模式的研究,在系统地回顾国内外对相关问题研究的基础上,引入可持续发展、包容性增长等最新发展理论,从中探索文化产业集群发展的规律；另一条线索从我国文化资源开发状况出发,通过分析文化资源公共属性和集群是自发中间性组织性质,发现集群是市场、政府之外文化资源开发的第三条道路。发展理论是从宏观角度分析集群,自组织理论对集群内部进行微观分析,两个角度对集群发展进行解剖,探索如何通过公共治理之道,构建集群治理模式,完善集群治理结构,形成集群“善治”,从而促进文化产业集群的可持续发展,实现文化产业的大发展、大繁荣。文章可以分为四大部分。首先,在综述文化产业和治理的各种理论基础上,对文化产业集群发展及其治理进行一般性理论分析。主要是第二、三、四章。这一部分主要从宏观角度把握文化产业集群,一方面探讨文化产业集群的形成与发展机理,剖析文化产业集群发展的内涵和路径,从理论上探讨对文化产业集群进行治理的必要性；另一方面从价值链角度,分析了国内外文化产业集群的发展模式,从不同国家和地区文化产业集群发展案例中,总结了发展中的一些启示。其次,从文化资源作为公共资源的特性出发,分析公共资源开发面临的困境,借鉴奥斯特罗姆的分析,比较市场、政府等手段基础上,提出“自组织”这个文化资源开发第三条可行道路。认为文化资源开发困境的解决之道。从集群产业组织特性入手,分析集群自组织特征,得出产业集群是一个比较有效的进行资源配置的自组织形式。由此得出,产业集群是文化资源开发的有效形式。可以运用这个形式,有效解决文化资源开发中面临的无序和过度竞争,以及文化资源开发中出现的一系列问题。通过三个文化资源开发案例,比较了政府、企业和社区自发组织为主的文化资源开发模式现实效果。既看到自主组织在开发中的优势,也看到自主组织需要不断发展。再次,运用自组织的基本理论分析集群自组织的发展规律和运行轨迹。分析产业集群的自组织特征,探索文化产业集群的自组织特征及其运行规律。提出竞争与合作是文化产业集群发展的动力,自组织也有独特的周期运行规律,而要避免衰退,必须通过自组织进行自主治理,从而实现集群的健康发展。从公共治理角度,分析集群自组织的自主治理,提出文化产业集群治理的总体架构。最后,从两个方面分析提出文化产业集群健康发展的措施。主要是第七、八章。一是从文化产业集群发展内部,构建有利于集群发展的治理结构框架。明确了文化产业集群治理的内涵及目的,分析集群内部网络治理和外部治理构成。对内应该促进互动和合作,对外应该创造社会资本,分析出治理的目的在于促进长期持续合作,营造有利于合作的社会环境。研究如何通过公共治理手段,建立合理的集群治理结构,促进文化产业集群实现包容性增长。二是从宏观角度,提出促进文化产业集群发展的政策措施。主要从治理失灵的分析入手,分析美日等主要文化产业大国的集群发展政策,在此基础上,根据我国文化产业的特点,提出文化产业集群发展的政策措施,为促进我国文化产业集群健康发展提供参考。总体来看,本论文的特色主要体现在对产业集群等理论进行系统梳理后,对文化产业集群发展与公共治理的研究进行有机融合,从公共治理的角度给中国文化产业集群发展提供理论依据政策建议。本论文的创新之处主要体现在：第一,从可持续发展、包容性增长的角度,理清文化产业集群的发展内涵,并在深入分析文化资源的属性的基础上,研究了文化资源的开发路径。以往对文化资源开发的研究,主要集中在市场、政府等手段,而很少考虑文化资源的公共资源属性,尤其是较少从中间性组织角度分析。本文通过分析文化资源的公共资源属性,运用自主治理理论,提出文化产业集群是除市场、政府之外,进行文化资源开发的第三条道路。第二,从自组织理论角度,深入分析文化产业集群的自组织特征及运行规律。以往研究虽然把产业集群作为组织分析,但是较少考虑集群的复杂互动关系,从复杂系统范式的角度进行深入分析的较少。本文基于这一复杂性范式,从自组织角度对产业集群和文化产业集群进行深入分析,理清了文化产业集群发展的动力机制及制度基础。第三,从公共治理的角度,研究文化产业集群发展中存在的问题,提出促进文化产业集群发展的“共同治理”结构框架。以往研究文化产业集群治理,主要是治理角度,没有区分公共治理还是公司治理,尤其是较少从公共治理角度,系统分析集群内合作行为。本文明确提出集群治理是公共治理,从而从公共治理角度分析促进集群发展的对策措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The cultural industry is known as the gold industry in twenty-first Century. Since the nineteen seventies, it has received worldwide attention, obtained the vigorous development and become a pillar industry in many countries. The cultural industry is the choice of carrying ideas, aesthetic taste, value, with the general industrial property, more ideological attribute. From the course of the development of cultural industry all over the world, a nation’s the development of cultural industry is the cultural industry cluster continuous development. China is abundant cultural resources, our party and government has attached great importance to the development of cultural construction and cultural industry. In2009, the State Council executive meeting of the "cultural industry promotion plan", marked that the strategy of cultural industry had risen as a national strategy."National" Twelfth Five-Year Plan "period of cultural reform and development plan" and according to the practical development needs, to develop the film and television production, distribution, publication printing, advertising, entertainment, entertainment, exhibition and other traditional cultural industry, accelerate the development of cultural and creative, digital publishing, mobile multimedia, animation and games such as the four major emerging cultural industries. At present, the development speed of cultural industry in some regions of China is very rapid, especially large emerging cultural industries development speed than many traditional industries. Among this, cultural industry cluster has played a major role, a breakthrough and accelerate the development of cultural industry, to become the new growth point of regional economic. However, in the cultural industry cluster development, there are some problems of cluster innovation, value chain upgrading slow, cultural resources, cultural traditions such as the loss of damage. These problems not only affect the protection and exploitation of cultural resources in China, but also restricted the international competitiveness of China’s cultural industry. The correct path for realizing the sustainable development of cultural industry cluster, inclusive growth has become a pressing matter of the moment.The cultural industry is the development of cultural resources. In the resource development process, scholars have found outside the market and government, there are still a lot of spontaneous intermediate organization. These intermediate organizations is a resource allocation method and mechanism, and the spontaneous organizations in the development of public resources, compared with the market and the government, the efficiency of resource allocation is better.There are two clues in this dissertation. One clue is through the study of cultural industry cluster development and the pattern of development, analysis of cultural industry cluster self-organization structure characteristics, active path and correct measures for the cultural industry cluster development, exploration of promoting the development of cultural industry policy; another from Chinese culture resources development situation, through the analysis of the cultural resources of public property analysis of the cluster, is a middle organization spontaneously, is the market, the government, the third road of cultural resources development. With the development of clusters, and the self-organization theory, and then analyzes the exposed in the process of industry cluster development problems, explore how to use public governance Road, construction of cluster governance, improve the cluster governance structure, forming the cluster of "good governance", so as to promote the sustainable development of cultural industry cluster, to achieve great development, the cultural industry prosperity. This dissertation consists of four parts.First, from theoretical analysis on cultural industry cluster development and governance. Study on formation mechanism of cultural industry cluster, analyzes the connotation and the path of cultural industry cluster development, discussing the necessity of the management of the cultural industry cluster from theory. Secondly, from the perspective of cultural resources as the characteristics of public resources, carries on the investigation to the present situation and problems of the development of cultural resources, cultural resources development is put forward in the market, the government, there are third roads--independent governance through spontaneous organizations to realize autonomous governance theory OE, Rom, the cluster is the development of cultural resources third road conclusion.Again, using the self-organizing theory, analysis of self-organizing feature clusters, revealing clusters operating rules. Then, from the angle of public governance, autonomous governance analysis cluster self-organization, puts forward the overall framework of cultural industry cluster governance.Finally, by examining how public governance means, the establishment of the cluster governance structure reasonable, promote cultural industry cluster of inclusive growth. From the point of view of public governance, puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to the development of cultural industry cluster.更多还原