【作者】 朱海红；

【导师】 毋河海；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 地图作为地理空间信息的载体和传输媒介,是我们的日常工作和生活中不可或缺的工具。随着科学技术的发展,特别是计算机技术在地图学领域的渗透,制图技术发生了革命性的变化,地图的品种和形式也越来越丰富,从二维地图发展到三维地图、从静态地图到动态地图。但是,在制图工作者不断开发新的地图品种,不断推进地图的深入与广泛应用时,不能忽视一个弱势群体——色盲人群,在阅读地图时的感受。据文献统计,由于遗传基因的影响,色盲人群占全球总人数的8%,换算成具体人数,在中国也有近亿人口。所以顾及色盲人群的阅读感受,实验设计适合色盲人群阅读的地图是制图工作者义不容辞的责任。色盲人群由于辨色的缺失,使得他们在看有些颜色时容易发生混淆,这样导致他们在阅读正常视觉人群设计的地图时,有的颜色不容易分辨,甚至错误理解地图中传递的信息。因此,根据色盲人群的辨色特点,探讨面向色盲人群地图设色的原则和方法,设计制作让红绿色盲人群能清晰阅读、获取正确信息的地图,是本论文研究的宗旨。论文从制图对象的质量特征和数量特征的表达出发,系统地研究面向红绿色盲的地图设色方法,以及如何让色彩在红绿色盲人群视觉中正确传递出制图对象的质量特征和数量特征信息,分别以旅游地图和分级统计地图为样图进行实验设色,最后,提出面向红绿色盲人群的有效地图设色基本原则和方法。旅游地图设色实验中,通过深入分析旅游地图表示方法和特点以及红绿色盲易混淆的颜色范围,从点状符号、线状符号、面状符号和注记等方面,实验研究适合红绿色盲人群阅读的符号设色原则和方法,提出了基于制图对象语义分类的设色表达方法。分级统计地图的设色实验,旨在探究红绿色盲人群因为颜色的混淆,会不会对分级设色辨识带来影响,适宜的分级级数与正常视觉人群有没有区别。论文利用统计地图对不同的分级级数和单色相、多色相的组合进行了分级设色实验。实验结果表明,虽然在适宜的分级数分辨上,红绿色盲人群和正常视觉人群没有太大差别,但在单色相分级设色中,色相对红绿色盲的读图辨识有一定影响,实验的不易混淆颜颜色和易混淆颜色的读图正确率均低于正常视觉者；在多色盲组合的分级设色时,色相对红绿色盲人群的辨识影响更大,即当采用易混淆的颜色组合设色时,红绿色盲人群在阅读时,难以正确获取分级设色所表达的制图对象的数量特征信息。最后,在旅游地图和分级统计地图设色研究基础上，总结归纳了面向红绿色盲人群设色的基本原则和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Maps, which are the carriers and transmission mediums of geospatial information, are important in our usual work and lives. The mapping technology changes revolutionarily with the development of science technology especially that of the computer technology applied to the field of cartography. The varieties and forms of maps have been gradually enriched from the two-dimesional maps to the three-dimesional ones and from the static maps to the dynamic ones. In this development, one thing that should to be paid attention to is the feelings of different map users, especially to those who have the obstacle in reading a usual map. The achromates, who is one part of these groups and takes up eight percent of total global population, are need some special types of map for their better reading experiences. Therefore, it is necessary for map designers to create more easy reading maps for these groups of users.Because achromates can hardly distinguish some colors, they may be confused by the colors and misunderstand the information expressed in a usual map. So, this paper aims to discuss the principle and the methodologies of designing chromatelopsia maps based on the features that how the most achromates distinguish colors. And it is also on purpose to design the maps which information can be easily read and reflected to achromates.This paper firstly studies on both the quality and the quantity characters of the cartographic targets. Then, it systematically researches on the map coloring methods and the ways of representing the accurate information of both the quality and the quantity characters of the cartographic targets for the red-green blindness. In addition, the basic principle and the method of the available map coloring for the red-green blindness are proposed.By coloring a tourist map, a further analysis of the way of representing a tourist map, its characteristics and the color confusing ranges, from the aspects of symbols of point, line and area, etc., are studied. The principle and the method of coloring symbols for the red-green blindness are also studied from this experiment. And it is proposed that the color expression methods based on the semantic categorization of the cartographic targets.Another experiment on the graduation statistics of coloring map are studied to figure out whether the red-green blindness’s color confusion will make the information from a map mismatched and the color graduation for the red-green blindness is the same as that for other people. The experiment has been divided into several parts based on the different combinations of the graduation levels, the single hue and many hues from the statistic maps. The results show that, in the experiment of the coloring graduation with the single hue, the red-green blindness can easily get the correct information that the map represents, while in that with the many hues, they can hardly distinguishing the colors. This is because when the confusing colors are combined, the red-green blindness can hardly recognize the quantity information of the cartographic target in the map represented by the graduation coloring.Finally, the basic principles and the methods of coloring map are concluded based on the experiments of the tourist map and the graduation statistics of coloring map.更多还原