【作者】 鲁芬；

【导师】 明庆忠；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 旅游景区“非生态化”问题实质是景区人地关系冲突的外在表现,警示景区人地关系地域系统处于不理想状态,走生态化之路势在必行。生态化是现代地理学的新趋势和主要特征之一,也是实现景区人地和谐共生、绿色发展和可持续发展的最佳战略路径。旅游景区生态化水平评价是其生态化建设与研究的重点和难点,其中的定量测度与评价研究甚少。针对这一亟待解决的问题,本研究侧重从生态和环境角度研究旅游景区的人地关系问题,综合应用生态学、产业生态学、人文地理学、旅游地理学、生态经济学等学科的理论和方法,以旅游景区生态系统为核心和研究对象,围绕旅游景区生态化水平评价的目标,采用文献分析与实地调研相结合、定性与定量研究相结合、理论研究与实证分析相结合的方法体系,构建了旅游景区系统状态生态化水平测度的逻辑框架,并以云南省丽江市玉龙雪山景区为例进行实证研究。研究的基本内容由四部分组成:第一部分为基础研究,系统分析了与旅游景区生态化相关概念(生态旅游景区、低碳旅游景区、旅游景区可持续发展等)的内涵、特征,并对概念之间的关系进行辨析;阐述研究的理论基础(能值理论与方法、生态效率理论、生态系统服务功能理论、循环经济理论、低碳经济理论、人地关系和谐论等),为旅游景区生态化评价的研究提供理论支撑。第二部分为理论研究,从人地关系协调共生和生态系统组成角度认为旅游景区是一个“自然-社会-经济”相互作用而成的复合生态系统、同时也是一个人地关系地域系统,并全面阐述了该系统的属性、组成、结构、功能;界定了旅游景区生态化的概念,在地理学研究的科学、伦理、价值三个维度的指导下,从思想意识、行为过程和系统状态三个层面深入剖析了旅游景区生态化的内涵,并认为三者关系为因果关系,旅游景区系统状态生态化水平是生态化思想意识和行为共同作用的结果;重点分析了生态效率思想和能值理论耦合的可能性、必要性和优势,建立了能值-生态效率模型及基于该模型的景区系统状态生态化测评指标体系和定量测度方法。第三部分为实证研究,分析了玉龙雪山景区的自然地理系统、社会文化系统和经济系统以及三者共同作用下的景区旅游业发展状况;在对玉龙雪山景区进行能值系统分析的基础上,以2015年的实际数据为依据,测度其系统状态生态化水平的17个指标值,根据计算结果对玉龙雪山景区系统状态生态化水平进行定量分析与评价;采用逆向思维方式,从玉龙雪山景区系统生态化状态的结果出发,寻找产生这种结果的原因,具体从生态伦理思想、生态审美观、生态价值观、生态责任感、生态技术观和生态化旅游规划与设计、开发与建设、经营与管理、生态环境动态监测与研究、生态修复与治理方面分别对玉龙雪山景区思想意识和行为过程生态化水平做定性分析;最后总结玉龙雪山景区生态化建设中存在的问题和优化措施。第四部分为策略研究,提高和优化旅游景区生态化水平的主要策略包括:生态化顶层设计中植入“生态+”理念和意识,生态化建设需要政府主导和制度护航,生态化战略的实施需要法律保障,生态化的推进新观念引领和新产品配套,生态化的实践过程需要多方参与和互相监督,生态化目标的实现离不开科学的生态管理和绿色技术创新等。研究表明:旅游景区生态化内涵应包括三个层面:一种具有哲学高度的思想意识、伦理观念和科学理念,一个以生态学规律和原理为指导的景区开发与建设的行为过程,一种景区生态系统及其各组成子系统之间和谐的状态;旅游景区系统状态生态化水平评价方法体系应用于玉龙雪山景区的实证研究结果与实际情况相符,说明该评价方法具有较好的操作性、实践性和科学性,特别是改进后的能值-生态效率模型及评价指标体系综合考虑了可更新资源和不可更新资源的投入与价值、有偿使用资源环境的价值和免费使用的环境资源的价值,能更真实地反映资源与环境的真实价值和相互作用关系,使旅游景区系统状态生态化水平的定量分析与评价更全面、客观和科学。本文通过跨学科交叉研究构建了旅游景区生态化水平测度和评价的分析框架和方法体系,在方法上具有一定的创新性,可为其他景区和旅游产业其他领域的生态化水平评价提供一定的参考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The essence of “non-ecological” in the scenic spots is the external performance of the conflict relationship between Human being and the earth,which warning people the regional system of man-land relationship is not ideal,and finally the ecological path is imperative.Ecologicalization is a new trend and main characteristic of modern geography,which is also the best strategic path to realize the harmonious coexistence of man-land relationship,green development and sustainable development.The evaluation on ecologicalization level of scenic spots is the key and difficult point for ecologicalization construction and research,of which the quantitative measurement and evaluation research is fewer.In order to solve this urgent issue,this paper researches the man-earth relationship of scenic spots from the perspectives of ecology and environment,integrate with the theory and methods of ecology,industrial ecology,human geography,tourism geography and ecological economics and so on;takes the ecological system of scenic spots as the core and research object;centers on the goals of the ecologicalization level measurement in scenic spots;adopts the methods system among the combination of literature analysis and field research;uses qualitative and quantitative analysis,the combination of theoretical research and empirical analysis method;constructs the measurement framework of ecologicalization state level of scenic spots system;and finally takes the Jade-Dragon snow mountain scenic spot of Li-jiang in Yunnan province as an example for empirical study.The basic contents of this study consist of four parts:The first part is the basic research.it analysis the connotation and characteristics of related ecologicalization concepts of scenic spots systematically(ecological tourism scenic area,low-carbon tourism scenic region,sustainable development of tourist scenic region,etc.),differentiate and analysis on the relationship among the concepts;state the theoretical basis of researching(Energy theory and method,ecological efficiency theory,theory of ecosystem service function,low-carbon economy theory,recycle economy theory,theory of man-land relationship,etc.)in order to provide theoretical support for the research of ecologicalization evaluation of scenic spots.The second part is theoretical research.The scenic spots is considered as a compound ecosystem integrated with “nature-society-economy” from the perspectivesof man-land relationship regional coordinate and ecological symbiosis,which also is an open system,as well as expound properties,composition,structure,function of the system;Define the concept of ecologicalization scenic spots comprehensively;under the guidance of three dimensions of geography research: science,ethics,and valuation,analysis the ecological connotation of the tourism scenic region in-depth from ideology,behavior process and the system state;state the general principle and method of ecologicalization state level measurement systematically in scenic spots,and establish its comprehensive index system of ecologicalization state level;focus on the possibility,the necessity and the advantage between eco-efficiency theory and emerge theory coupling;build the emergy & eco-efficiency model and index system.The third part is empirical research.It analyzes the natural geographic system,social cultural system and economic system in the Jade Dragon snow mountain scenic spot and its tourism development status under the influence of the mutual influence.Based on the analysis of the emerge system of Jade Dragon snow mountain scenic spot,it calculates the each index of ecological state level according to the actual data of 2015,and finally carry out the quantitative analysis and evaluation of JJade Dragon snow mountain scenic spot.Taking reverse thinking mode from results to causes,the paper analyses the ecologicalization ideology and behavior process level by qualitative method.The fourth part is strategic research.The main strategies of improving and optimizing ecologicalization level in scenic spots.it includes: concept implant,consciousness cultivation;government-led,policy guidance;legal protection,rewards and punishments;notion-led,ancillary products;participating,mutual supervision;ecological management,technical innovation,etc.The Research gets several conclusions in the following: 1)there are 3 aspects of ecological connotation in scenic spots,that is the ideology,ethics and scientific idea with a highly philosophy,the behavior process of development and construction guided by the ecology rule and principle,the harmonious state between ecological system and subsystems;2)the measurement method system adopted to empirical research of Jade Dragon snow mountain scenic spot accords with the actual situation,which confirms that the measuremet method has good operability,practical and scientific,in particular,the improved Emergy&eco-efficiency model and index system consider the input and value of the renewable resources and nonrenewable resources,the value of paid use of resources and environment and unpaid to use the value ofenvironmental resources,which can reflect the real value of the resources and environment and interaction relationship more truly,make the quantitative analysis and evaluation of the ecological level is more comprehensive,objective and scientific in the tourism scenic region;3)Through interdisciplinary research,the analysis framework and method system of the ecologicalization state level measurement and evaluation in scenic spot has good innovation in the method,and it can provide reference for the ecologicalization level evaluation of tourism industry or other scenic spots.更多还原