《衆喜寳卷》研究

【作者】 蔡迎春；

【导师】 侯冲；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 宗教學， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 清代道光年間,陳衆喜所撰《衆喜寶卷》,不僅完整地記錄了長生教創立者汪長生的宗教生涯以及長生教的淵源、宗旨和教羲,而且還在文本上欄部分彙集了衆多與長生教相關的儒、釋、道以及其他民間宗教的資料,可謂一部研究長生教和其他民間宗教的重要經卷。從卷冊篇幅、文本内容結構和刊行流播等角度而言,《衆喜寶卷》所具的學術價值是筆者所搜集的長生教其他經卷,甚至是其它民間寶卷所不能比擬的。本文封《衆喜寶卷》現存版本異同考論的基礎上,通過封文本内容進行梳理歸納,並與新發現的其他長生教新材料進行封比,進而封宗教勸化宣教的宗教功能進行深入分析,不僅深化了封長生教基本教羲、教派曆史、教派屬性、儀式活動等方面的認識,而且還以一葉而觀全貌,封目前於寶卷研究本身存在著的諸多觀點和問題進行辨析,以期推動寶卷學領域的研究進程。正文分"研究篇"和"校錄篇"兩大部分,其中"研究篇"的主要内容包括以下五個方面:第一章為"《衆喜寶卷》版本考論"。成書於清道光廿九年(1849)的《衆喜寶卷》自問世以後便在下層社會廣爲流傅,故不斷重版刊印,版本衆多,且各有優劣。通過封《衆喜寶卷》所有版本進行全面彙集,不僅從版本形式和内容上辨其異同,為俊來研究者的版本選擇提供可靠依據,而且還核封了目前所收錄《衆喜寶卷》的目錄成果,並封其收入情況與實際館藏情況進行封比,發現目前目錄成果中封於寶卷文獻的著錄方面仍存在諸多問題,以引起學界的關注。第二章為"《衆喜寶卷》文本形式與内容"。《衆喜寶卷》的上欄文本主要分三種形式:介紹性文本、經文性文本或其它形式文本,内容龐雜,結構鬆散,看似雜亂無章,但實際上作者如此編排是有内在羅輯和規律可循的;下欄文本主要分為故事文本和勸化文本兩種類型,其中故事文本主要以兩個故事為一主一暗兩條線索展開,實際上是代表兩種修行方式,一種是以衆喜和其父母為代表的修行方式,即長生教的修行方式,一種則是以趙桂瑛為代表的修行方式,在一定程度上,代表了當時的長生教與其他民間宗教的鬥爭,最終是長生教獲勝;上下兩欄在文本結構上相封獨立,但文本内容又互有關聯。《衆喜寶卷》的文本形態,在一定程度上削弱了念卷活動的神聖性,增强了念卷内容的廣泛性,使念卷活動的功能從齋供儀式轉變為勸化。第三章為"《衆喜寶卷》的功能——基於新出現《兩卷本》的封比分析"。通過封《衆喜寶卷》的五卷本,以及新發現的兩卷本,從文本結構及文本内容方面的封比,發現兩卷本的《衆喜寶卷》僅是五卷本的《衆喜寶卷》精缩刊本,兩卷本保留了五卷本的下欄分品部分,並封下欄文本從分品和内容方面進行了删減,而寶卷的宗教屬性則没有改燮,同時,在文本中未能找到任何民間秘密宗教的内容,完全是用來進行齋供儀式的文本。因此,為寶卷可以放在文獻考據和齊供儀式的視角進行研究提供堅實可信的文獻基礎。第四章為"從《科儀》看《衆喜寶卷》的宗教屬性——兼論長生教"。通過封《衆喜寶卷》文本内容的分析,並與長生教另一經典《科儀》進行比較,系統梳理長生教從源起、教羲到儀式活動,從而勾勒明萬曆年間到清道光年間的發展歷程。彌補了先前封《衆喜寶卷》研究的不足,如介紹陳衆喜其人其書、長生教的宗旨、信仰、教規、戒律,以及作者所知的其他民間宗教,大體還是從宗教組成要素以及宗教發展簡史的角度出發,研究不太深入。本文力圖通過封該寶卷文本内容進行專題分析,為封該文獻的研究提供新的研究視角,從而豐富長生教研究的内容,並且進一步為從齋供儀式角度進行研究寶卷提供依據。第五章為"宣教與勸化:《衆喜寶卷》之宗教功能"。與善書相比,寶卷的内容多以神在人間的生活為主,神仙角色在寶卷中起著重要的作用,而且多新奇的故事情節,另外唱詞封推動情節發展也起著重要作用。《衆喜寶卷》中以衆喜的宣教勸化故事和三次受災經歷、趙桂瑛的故事、衆喜宣教勸化二個階段、兩個方面以代表四方的共同作用下,宣教勸化内容從行為准則的勸世觀到道德昇華的修道觀不斷昇華。"校錄篇"涵蓋《衆喜寶卷》題解及錄文、《科儀》的題解及錄文兩個部分。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhong Xi Bao Juan was written by Chen Zhongxi during Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty.This scripture not only recorded the founder of the Long Life Society Wang Changsheng’s whole religious career,this religious society’s long history,its mission and doctrines,but also brought together many related Confucius Buddha and Taoism religions information and other folk religions’ data above the upper column.Zhong Xi Bao Juan is an important Scripture to study the Long Life Society and other related folk religions.In terms of volumes length,text structure and publication propaganda,none other scripture could compare with Zhong Xi Bao Juan.On the basis of differentiate the existing editions of Zhong Xi Bao Juan,the dissertation combs and summarizes text contents,compares with other newly discovered materials of the Long Life Society,and then makes a deep analysis of the society’s religious doctrines of urging people to do good things and attracting people to believe in the religion.Thus researchers could get a deeper understanding of the Long Life Society’s fundamental doctrines,its history,its religious affiliations and its religious rituals.A straw shows which way the wind blows,the dissertation’s research methods and research results could provide enlightenments to differentiate and analyze many perspectives and issues in current Bao Juan researches,hoping to promote the process.The dissertation is divided into"Research part" and "Interpretation and Transcription Part".The "Research Section" mainly includes the following five chapters.The first chapter is "Checking and Discrimination of Zhong Xi Bao’s different editions".Completed in 1849 during Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty,Zhong Xi Bao Juan was widely circulated among underclass people after its first publication.After many times’ print and reprint,this scripture has different editions,and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.Thoroughly collecting all editions of Zhong Xi Bao Juan not only helps to compare differences from edition form and from text contents,which provides reliable evidence for research fellow to choose the edition they need,but also checks current catalog results containing Zhong Xi Bao Juan through comparing the catalog with real libraries collections.At present,there are still various problems in catalog descriptions of Bao Juan Literature,which should bepaidattentionto byacademic circles.The second chapter is "Text forms and content of Zhong Xi Bao Juan".There are three kinds of text forms of Zhong Xi Bao Juan in the upper column:introductory text,scripture text and text of other forms.The content looks like numerous and jumbled,loose in structure,seemingly chaotic,but actually the author has his own inherent logic and rules to follow.The lower column texts are mainly story text and persuasive text.Story text has one main story line and one concealed story line,which represents two different religious practices.The main story line is about how Zhong Xi and his parents engaged in religious practice,which apparently refers to the Long Life Society’ s religious practice.The concealed line is about how Zhao Guiying observed her religious practice,which to some extent indicates struggle between the Long Life Society and other folk religious societies.As a result,the Long Life Society finally prevailed over other religious societies.The upper column and lower column are relatively independent in textual structure,but mutually related in context.To some extent,the text forms of Zhong Xi Bao Juan weaken the sanctity of chanting activity,but widen the extent of scripture contents,transforming chanting activity function from chanting ceremony to persuading people to do good things.The third chapter is "Zhong Xi Bao Juan’ s function:a contrastive analysis based on newly discovered Two Volumes scripture ".Through contrastive analysis of the original five volumes and the newly discovered two volumes from aspect of text structure and content,the writer believes Two Volumes scripture is only an abbreviated version of the original five volume scripture.In detail,Two Volumes scripture retains the original lower column text forms,only cuts part of the content,but the scripture’ s religious nature is remained.Besides,no secret folk religion information is found throughout the whole text.Two Volumes is only a ritual text for fast and rite ceremony.Therefore,this study provides solid evidence of textual research for literature research and ritual research.The fourth chapter is "Viewing Zhong Xi Bao Juan’s religious nature from Ke Yi,and related Long Life Society".Through analyzing Zhong Xi Bao Juan’s text content,and comparing with L ong Life Society’s another classic,the writer systematically combs the origin,doctrines and religi ous rites of the Long Life Society,drawing a vivid picture of the Long Life Society’s development from Wanli period of Ming dynasty to Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty.Previous researches of Zhong Xi Bao Juan are mainly studies from religious elements perspective and from brief history of religious development perspective,concerning introduction about Chen Zhongxi and his books,the Long Life Society’s mission,believe,canons,commandments and other related folk religions.This dissertationwill make up for the deficiency.This chapter tries tomake a specialized analysis o f Zhong Xi Bao Juan text,hoping to provide a new study perspective of Zhong Xi Bao Juan,to enr ich the studies of the Long Life Society,and to provide further evidences from fast and riteceremo ny perspective.The fifth chapter is "Propaganda and Persuasion:Zhong Xi Bao Juan’s Religious Function".Compared with Morality Books,Bao Juan are mainly talked about fairy’shuman life,who is an indispensable figure in Bao Juan.The stories are mostly novel,and chanting ballad is also important element to promote the story plot.There are Zhong Xi’s persuading stories,his three disaster experiences,Zhao Guiying’s biography story,Zhong Xi’s propaganda two stages and two aspects,all of which are combined to represent irresistible Grace.Eventually,persuasions gradually level up from behavior to morality.The "Interpretation and Transcription Part" covers two parts,including Zhong Xi Bao Juan’s interpretation and transcription and Ke Yi ’ s interpretation and transcription.更多还原