【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 李书源；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 民间信仰作为传统文化的一部分,是一定区域内自然、经济、政治和文化的折射镜。作为社会意识形态的一种表现形式,民国时期东北地区汉族的民间信仰反映了当时东北地区的自然资源、政治状况、经济形势、民族特点以及宗教状况。本文以民国东北地区汉族民间信仰为研究对象重点考察了国民政府对东北地区汉族民间信仰的管控,以及汉族民间信仰如何调整自身以应对国体的变更和西方文化的冲击。通过对民间信仰的界定,本文认为民国时期汉族的民间信仰既有盲目迷信的内容,又有传统俗信的成份,它不同于有组织,有戒律的制度型宗教,它像分子一样弥散在汉族民众日常生活的各个环节中。从岁时节庆到婚丧嫁娶,从生产经营到消费娱乐,汉族民众都以各种形式的祈福禳灾活动,对生活施加影响,以求达到趋吉避祸的美好愿望。在这些民间信仰活动中,有些是对传统习俗信仰的继承,而有些则因其盲目的迷信对汉族民众的生命财产造成了威胁。伴随着民国时期共和国体的建立,科学和民主称为社会文化宣传的主流呼声。而民间信仰因其在形式上与迷信界限的模糊而被冠以“愚昧”和“迷信”称号,成为新文化精英批判和政府管理的重要对像。国民政府利用东北地方政府的力量运用了法律、教育、改良、行政等多种手段对东北汉族民间信仰实施管控。在管控的过程中,东北地方政府出于地方利益对汉族民间信仰的不同内容分别采取了禁止、取缔、利用或支持的多种方式,加之地方官员在政令执行中的消极和混乱,造成了国民政府对东北汉族民间信仰管控成效甚微的局面。东北汉族民间信仰是东北地区汉族移民与原始土著民族文化融合的产物,它既源于关内的民间信仰又吸收了满族和萨满教的文化内容,具有自身的特殊性。在民国时期的东北社会中,民间信仰在加强社会教化、稳定社会心理、促进社区整合、繁荣社会经济、丰富社会文化方面有着不可替代的作用,但是也必须承认,倘若民间信仰发展到盲目崇拜或狂热迷信的程度时便会被别有用心之人所利用,进而对民众的生命财产、对社区的治安环境甚至社会的安定团结造成威胁。以史为鉴,清晰的认识和了解民间信仰在东北地区的社会发展中的作用,努力地消除和避免其消极成份的危险,正确的引导,积极的保护,让民族文化的生命之花常开不败才是本文研究的最终目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As part of t he traditional culture,folk belief is a re flection mirror of nat ural,economic,political and cultural in a certain area.As a manifestation of social ideology,The Han nationality folk beliefs of northeast during the period of the Republic of China reflect the natural resources,politics,economy,national characteristics and religious status in the northeast of China.This article based on The Han nationality folk beliefs of northeast during the period of the Republic China as the object researching national government control of Han folk beliefs of nort heast and the Han nationality folk beliefs how to adjust themselves to cope with the new changes and the impact of western culture.Through the definition of folk beliefs,this paper argues that during the period of the Republic of China,the Han folk beliefs that have blind superstitious content,and the composition of traditional customs,it is different from the organized,a discipline system of relig ion,it like molecular dispersion in all aspects of daily life of the Han nationality people.From the festivals to weddings and funerals,from production and management to consumption and entertainment,the Han people in various forms of prayer and ridding disaster activities on the influence of life,in order to achieve good wishes of pursuing good fortune and avoiding disaster.In the folk beliefs activities,some of them are inheritance of tradition,while others because of its blind superstitious poses a threat to life and property of the Han people.With the establishment of the republi c of Chi na,science and democracy became the mainstream of social and cultural propaganda.And because the boundary of the folk beliefs and superstition in the form is blurred,the folk beliefs have been dubbed "ignorance" and "superstition”.Become the important target of the elite culture criticism and government management.National government taking advantage of the power of local governments in northeast to use a variety of means such a s law,education,improvement,and administrative control t he northeast Han folk beliefs.In the process of control,the northeast local governments for local interests respectively adopted different ways to control the Han nationality folk beliefs,which include prohibiting,outlawing,using or support 。And besides,the local officials carried out higher-level government decrees negatively and disorderly,causing the effect of the controlling to the northeast Han folk believes by the national government was not obvious.The Han f olk belief in northeast China is a fusi on of the Han Chinese migrants in t he northeast and the original product of indigenous cultural,it originate from folk beliefs inside shanhaiguan pass and absorb the culture of manchu and sh amanism,so it has partic ularity.In society during the period of the Republic of China in northeast of China,the folk belief have an irreplaceable role in strengthening social civilizing,stabilizing social psychology,promoting the integration of community,prospering social economic,enriching social cultural,but we also must admit,if the folk belief attain to the point of idolatry or fanatical superstition,it will be used by the people with ulterior motives and then threaten people’s life and property,the community public security environment,and even threaten social stability and unity.Take history as a m irror,clearly understand the folk beliefs playing a role in the soci al development in northeast of China,eliminate and avoid the negative elements of risk of t he folk beliefs,with the correct guide and positive protection.Make the national culture of the flower of life normally open unbeaten is the ultimate purpose of this study.更多还原