【作者】 张振森；

【导师】 戚桂杰；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 处于一个日益复杂且被冠以"超级竞争"和"动荡"的世界中,企业希望获取并保持竞争优势,不仅需要将自身现有的资源和能力充分利用,还需要适时调整其资源组合、开发新的资源和能力以应对环境不确定性,这就是动态能力理论,其近年来出现后迅速在战略管理领域扮演一个非常重要的角色。在动态能力理论中,企业这一研究主体被置于不确定环境中,因而该理论的研究更加符合企业的生存现实。这一理论提出后很多学者从动态能力性质、产生、发展等方面以及动态能力对于企业长期的竞争优势的影响作用进行了深入的探讨,但需指出的是此类研究中动态能力仍具有不易操作性和难以验证性。已有相关文献从战略层次上来洞察企业应该如何成功配置和快速有效的管理稀缺资源,但是很少有文献从企业信息化视角来研究动态能力的构建与提升。基于此,形成本文研究的基本问题:在不确定环境下,企业如何获取和提升自身的动态能力?能力的构建由许多因素引起,企业信息化建设就是其中的一个重要方面。本文通过回顾信息系统领域内已有的动态能力理论应用研究,发现其中部分关注企业IT/IS应用对动态能力提升的影响,建立动态能力改善的研究框架,并对框架的各个组成部分之间的关系进行分析。但是这样的研究仍属于少数,虽然国内外的学者们进行了一些有益的的探索,但分析结论和目前对动态能力理论理解的主流趋势仍有一些偏差。本文认为企业在信息化进程中不断累积的信息系统资源是促进企业能力培育与发展的重要方面。基于现实背景和理论背景,可以将研究的基本问题更进一步分解为三个更具体的问题:子问题一:企业动态能力的内涵是什么,如何测量动态能力;子问题二:企业IS资源是否是动态能力提升的重要来源;子问题三:环境不确定性在IS资源对于动态能力提升的影响关系中起什么作用。本文通过文献综述、理论分析和问卷调查,应用规范分析和实证研究相结合的方法,对于在不确定环境下基于信息系统资源视角的企业动态能力提升这一基本问题进行了分析。针对研究提出的子问题一,本文首先提出应用研究如何使组织能够应对不断变化的环境的生存系统模型理论作为指导,从理论上和实证探讨动态能力的内涵与构成维度及其内在联系;对于问题二,依据对现有文献的综述分析,本文构建了基于信息系统资源视角的动态能力发展研究模型,然后应用问卷分析进行验证;对于问题三,借鉴现有文献的研究结果,将环境不确定性变量划分为环境动态性和环境敌对性两方面,实证分析其在IS资源与动态能力提升的作用机制中所起的作用。通过上述三个子问题的分析,本文主要得出以下结论:(1)动态能力内涵的剖析:五维度模型动态能力是一个多维度、多层面的研究框架,在文献分析和VSM理论指导下,本文认为动态能力内涵可描述为企业适应环境变化过程中,动态更新其战略,通过与环境进行资源交互、内部整合、外部协调及组织学习形成系统的解决问题的潜力。动态能力是一个通过战略更新能力、组织学习能力、运行控制能力、关系协调能力和资源整合能力协同工作的"生存系统",得到实证支持。同时实证结果还表明,动态能力是一个能力整合系统,各个维度之间存在着有机联系。五种能力存在相互作用、相互促进的关系,动态能力在是五种能力的相互促进过程中不断提升与演化。(2)IS资源是不确定性环境下企业动态能力提升的重要来源首先,实证结果表明,IS资源在总体上对动态能力有积极的显著影响,并且按照对IS资源的划分,其中由外而内的IS资源和跨越的IS资源与动态能力的正向相关关系得到了验证,但是由内而外的IS资源的影响并不显著。其次,IS资源对于企业动态能力提升的影响作用还通过互补性资源——流程融合的中介作用实现。详细来说,流程融合对于由外而内的资源与动态能力间关系中存在部分中介效应;对于跨越的资源与动态能力间关系属于完全中介效应;而对由内而外的资源与动态能力间关系的中介效应不成立。(3)IS资源对企业动态能力提升中的作用机理进一步原因分析:IS资源易模仿性和易替代性存在显著不同不论是易模仿性和易替代性,IS资源中由外而内的IS资源与跨越的IS资源没有显著不同,但是这二者都显著不同于由内而外的IS资源,即具有较低程度的易模仿性和易替代性。而这正是各项IS资源在企业动态能力提升中体现出不同的作用机理的深层次原因。(4)环境不确定性是IS资源对企业动态能力提升影响关系的调节变量实证结果表明,环境不确定性变量分解为环境动态性和环境敌对性两个因子得到支持。并且环境动态性和环境敌对性两因子在IS资源对企业动态能力提升影响关系中均起到正向的调节作用,即IS资源对动态能力的影响作用在环境越是动荡、越是敌对的条件下会显著增强。本文主要的创新点体现在:(1)依据生存系统模型和已有文献,提出动态能力的内涵及维度构成,并实证验证了动态能力五维度相互联系的内在机理;(2)IS资源可以通过直接驱动方式和间接方式即通过互补性资源——流程融合的中介作用对动态能力提升产生影响,不同IS资源的易模仿性和易替代性差异是其在对动态能力影响作用表现差异的内在原因;(3)厘清环境不确定性在IS资源对于企业动态能力提升影响关系中起到的是调节作用。总之,本文研究的理论分析与实证结果具有重要的理论贡献和管理启示作用,为企业在不确定环境下从IS资源视角构建和提升自身动态能力做了有益探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 In an increasingly complex world called "hyper-competition" and "turbulence",companies do not only need to take full advantage of existing resources and capabilities in order to maintain a competitive advantage,but also to adjust their resource portfolios and develop new resources and capabilities in a timely manner to deal with environmental uncertainty.This is the emergence of dynamic capacity theory,which is an important branch of the strategic management theory area in recent years.The research subject,enterprise is placed in a dynamic environment under the view of dynamic capabilities,which makes the theoretical research more in line with the survival of the enterprise reality.So that many scholars made deep discussions on the nature,emergence,development,and the impact to the enterprise long-term competitive advantages of dynamic capabilities after the theory were brought forward.We need to notice that dynamic capabilities are still difficult to be measured and validated in such kind of researches.There are relevant literatures from the strategic level to understand how enterprises successfully configured and manage rare resources quickly and effectively,but few on the development and enhancement of dynamic capabilities from the perspective of enterprise informatization.A basic question is put forward in this paper,that how can enterprises acquire and enhance their dynamic capabilities in an uncertain environment?There are many factors that result in development of enterprise capabilities,and the enterprise informationzation construction is one of the important aspects.This paper reviews the existing research of dynamic capability theory in the field of information system(IS),some of which focus on the impact of IT/IS application on dynamic capability enhancement,establish the research framework of dynamic capability enhancement,and analyze the relationship between the various components of the framework.Although scholars at home and abroad have made some useful exploration,there is still some deviation between the conclusions of the analysis and the current main trend of understanding dynamic capabilities.This paper proposes that the accumulation of information system(IS)resources in the process of enterprise informatization is an important aspect of cultivating enterprise capabilities.Based on the realistic and theoretical background,the basic problem of the research can be further decomposed into three questions that are more specific.(1)What is the connotation of enterprise dynamic capabilities,how to measure the dynamic capability;(2)whether the enterprise IS resources are an important source of dynamic capabilities enhancement;(3)what role does environmental uncertainty play in the relationship of IS resources and dynamic capabilities.Normative analysis and empirical analysis are combined in this paper.Based on the literature review,theoretical analysis and questionnaire survey,this paper analyzes the basic problem of enterprise dynamic capability enhancement based on IS resource perspective in uncertain environment.For the first sub-question,this paper first puts forward the application of Viable System Model(VSM)theory as an instruction to analyze the connotation and the conformation dimensions of dynamic capabilities,and the internal relations of the dimensions.VSM theory is widely used to analyze how organizations survive in a changing environment.For the second sub-question,this paper develops a research framework of the enhancement of dynamic capabilities on IS resources based on the exiting literature,and then test it empirically.As for the third sub-question,the paper divides environmental uncertainty into two dimensions of environmental dynamics and environmental hostility,and analyzes empirically their role in the relationship of IS resources and enterprise dynamic capabilities.Through the analysis of the above three sub-questions,this paper draws on the following conclusions:(1)Dynamic Capabilities concept is a five Dimensional research frameworkDynamic capabilities concept is a multi-dimensional and multi-level research framework.Under the guidance of literature analysis and VSM theory,this paper considers that the connotation of dynamic capabilities can be described as a systemic problem-solving potential for the enterprise in the process of adapting to the environmental change,through dynamically updating its strategy,alternating its resources,integrating internally,coordinating externally and learning organizationally.Dynamic capability is a "viable system" composed of strategy updating capability,organizational learning capability,and operations controlling capability,relationship coordinating capability and resources integrating capability,which is proved empirically.At the same time,the empirical results also show that dynamic capability is a capability integrating system,with the dimensions interacting with each other.Dynamic capabilities improve and evolve in the process of the interaction and acceleration of the five dimensions.(2)IS resources are important sources of dynamic capabilities enhancement in uncertain environmentFirst,the empirical results show that the IS resources as a whole have significant positive effects on the dynamic capabilities.In addition,according to the division of IS resources,the positive effect between the outside-in IS resources and dynamic capabilities is verified,so is the positive effect of the spanning IS resources,while the effect of the inside-out IS resources is not significant.Secondly,the organizational process alignment is a complementary resource to IS resources in the effect to dynamic capabilities.Process alignment plays mediation role in the relationship.Particularly,Process alignment plays partial mediation role in the relationship of the outside-in IS resources and dynamic capabilities,and complete mediation effect in the relationship of the spanning IS resources and dynamic capabilities,while no mediation effect in the relationship of the inside-out IS resources and dynamic capabilities.(3)Further reason analysis on the effect mechanism of IS resources on the enhancement of enterprise dynamic capabilities attributes to the imitability and substitutability of IS resources vary significantlyIn the IS resources,there is no significant difference in both the attribute of imitability and substitutability between the outside-in IS resources and the the spanning IS resources.While there is significant difference between the aforementioned two kinds of IS resources and the inside-out IS resources.That is,the imitability and substitutability of inside-out IS resources is on a higher level than the other two IS resources,which is exactly the deep-seated reason of the different effect mechanism of IS resources on the enhancement of enterprise dynamic capabilities.(4)Environmental uncertainty is a moderator in the relationship of the IS resources and the enterprise dynamic capabilities.The empirical results show that the environmental uncertainty can be decomposed into two factors of environmental dynamics and environmental hostility.At the same time,environmental dynamics and environmental hostility play a positive role in the relationship between IS resources and dynamic capabilities enhancement.That is,the role of IS resources in the enhancement of dynamic capabilities in more turbulent and more hostile environment significantly strengthened.The main innovations of this paper lie in:(1)based on the Viable System Model and the existing literature,puts forward the content and dimensions of dynamic capabilities,and empirical validation of inherent mechanism of dynamic capabilities of the five dimensions;(2)to shows that IS resources have direct significant effect on dynamic capabilities enhancement,as well as indirect effcet with the complementary resource of process alignment as a mediator;(3)to clarify that the moderate effect of environmental uncertainty in the relationship of IS resources and dynamic capabilities enhancement.In conclusion,the theoretical analysis and empirical results of this paper have important theoretical contributions and managerial implications,which provides a useful exploration for enterprises to construct and enhance their dynamic capabilities from the perspective of IS resources in an uncertain environment.更多还原