【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 李亚东； 胡立群；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 核能科学与工程， 2017， 博士

【摘要】 论文以国际热核聚变实验反应堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)的径向软X射线相机控制系统为背景。该软X射线相机主要设计用于对ITER托卡马克运行期间等离子体X射线进行测量,并给出高时空分辨率的辐射极向分布。由于ITER物理环境严苛复杂,其诊断——软X射线相机面临真空、高温及辐射等挑战,因此必须设计符合ITER仪器与控制架构(Instrument&Control,I&C)规范的监控系统为径向软X射线相机诊断的正常工作提供保障。基于此目的,本论文对ITER CODAC Core System(CCS)在软X射线相机诊断中的应用进行了全面深入的研究和详细的设计,主要包括了软X射线相机的慢速监控功能分析、状态机和运行流程设计、慢速监控原型的设计及应用、冷却实验监控设计及应用。论文首先在对ITER CCS的基本概念、规范标准、体系架构、运行环境和软件功能以及具体设计工具进行了广泛调研的基础上,完成了 ITER软X射线相机中慢速监控的需求分析和功能细化,主要包括软X射线相机分控系统的接口功能、诊断系统监控和数据处理功能、分控系统管理功能及运行规划功能,接着,论文进行了系统状态机的设计。根据细化后功能,在Enterprise Architecture中生成了每个功能相对应的信号和变量。随后,对比了市场通用的数据采集监控产品和ITER的慢速监控产品,分析了 ITER慢速监控的优势、架构及其开发流程,根据ITER慢速监控架构,分别在Red Hat Linux 6操作系统中使用ITER CCS和在Windows7操作系统中使用西门子软件环境STEP7进行交叉开发,运用EPICS相关记录进行输入输出控制器(Input Output Controller,IOC)的设计,并使用工业控制机和西门子可编程控制器S7-300及其模拟量模块和数字量模块等硬件完成了具有报警、监控、存储及检索功能的慢速监控的原型设计。根据以上研究结果,将所设计的慢速监控原型成功应用到ITER软X射线相机的状态数据采集系统监控和冷却系统监控中,详细设计了对中间放大器、机柜和冷却实验系统的监控。此外,根据所设计的慢速监控系统与信号放大器的通讯协议,实现了放大器的板卡选择、增益、通道以及自检的配置和状态监测以及实现了对机柜故障、前后门、风扇和温度的监控。然后,实现了慢速监控系统在径向软X射线相机冷却实验中的应用。在ITER烘烤工作期间,软X射线内部相机探测器所处环境温度将达到250℃,高于其正常工作上限温度75℃。因此,探测器必须进行冷却。为了满足内部相机探测器的冷却需求,论文计算了径向软X射线相机诊断的内部相机探测器在ITER实际环境当中需要的冷却功率。根据分析结果并参考ITER所提供冷却媒介的物理参数,设计了冷却测试平台及监控系统,完成了器件选型、操作规范以及冷却测试计划,并基于以上设计,搭建了冷却测试平台进行测试,依据慢速监控原型设计建立了冷却实验的监控系统。实验结果显示,冷却测试系统运行稳定,可以在环境温度250℃的情况下将探测器温度控制在其上限温度75℃以下,可以满足冷却需求,这些成果为径向软X射线相机诊断的冷却系统的最终设计提供了可靠的解决方案。此外,所进行的热电偶信号远距离传输测试结果表明,在11℃至232.1℃的温度区间内,K型热电偶信号在经过100米长度的专用延长导线传输后误差在0.9℃范围以内,影响较小。最后,结合对ITER CCS的深入研究,实现了软X射线相机中的中间放大器、冷却测试和机柜监控功能的集成。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation the control system of radial-xay camera of ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor)was studied.The radial x-ray camera is mainly designed to measure the poloidal profile of x-ray from plasma with high spatial and temporal resolution.During the operation of ITER tokamak,the radial x-ray camera will face a harsh ITER physical environment including vacuum,high temperature and radiation.Therefore,it is necessary to design a control system which compliance with the ITER instrument and control(I&C)architecture to provide support for the normal operating of the radial x-ray camera.For this purpose,deep research and detailed design on the application of CODAC Core System(CCS)in the control system of radial x-ray camera has been carried out which mainly includes the analysis of the slow monitoring function of the soft X ray camera,the design of the state machine and the operation flow,the design and application of the slow monitoring prototype,the design and application of the cooling experiment monitoring.Firstly,through the comprehensive investigation of ITER CCS,the radial x-ray camera slow control function requirements break down which consist of interface function,diagnostic system monitoring and data processing function,danagement and operation function have been completed.Also the statement machine is designed.Then corresponding signals and variables are generated in Enterprise Architecture according to the refined function.Then,the common supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)products and ITER control system are compared with architecture,development process and advantages.Meanwhile,a slow control prototype system was created by use of industrial control computer with Red Hat Enterprise Linux(RHEL)operating system,SIEMENS S7-300 Programmable Logic Controller(PLC)and other analog/digital modules.The design consists of two different parts including the I&C development on the CCS development workstation and the S7 development on the PLC development workstation.With the research above,the slow control prototype system was applied to status data acquisition and cooling system supervision system.Thus,the mid-amplifier and cubicle as well as the cooling testing system monitor have been achieved.In addition,according to the communication protocol between PLC and mid-amplifier,the configuration of card selection,channel selection,gain and selftest setting for mid-amplifier was realized.Also the cubicle health monitoring including door,fan,fault and temperature was done.Then,the application of the slow control system in the radial x-ray camera cooling test platform is carried out.During baking and operation of ITER,the detector environment temperature will be up to 250℃ whereas the detectors must be kept below 75℃.Therefore,cooling of the detectors mounted in the camera is critical and necessary.In order to meet the cooling requirements of internal camera,the cooling power of internal camera in the ITER environment was calculated.According to the analysis results and the cooling medium provided by ITER,the solution of the cooling platform including device selection,operation specification,cooling test plan were introduced and a cooling test platform was established.Also,a data acquisition system was developed by use of CCS based on ITER slow control system prototype.The experimental results showed that detector temperature can be controlled under 75℃while baking temperature is 250℃ in the cooling testing system,which can meet the cooling demand and provide a feasible solution for the final design of cooling system.Besides,the thermocouple signal long distance transmission test results showed that the errors of K type thermocouple sinal is below 0.9℃ after a 100 meters extension wire transmission.Finally,the integration of monitoring function for mid-amplifier,cooling testing sytem and cubicle health was realized through the practice and research above.更多还原