【作者】 韩若霜；

【导师】 王林和； 张国盛；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 水资源缺乏已经成为全球性问题,尤其在我国干旱、半干旱地区,水资源缺乏已经影响社会经济发展。近年来,随着经济的发展、人民生活水平的提高、城市面积不断扩大,城市绿地面积不断增加,已经成为一个衡量城市文明进步和可持续发展能力的重要指标。随着城市绿地面积的增加,城市绿化用水量不断攀升,城市绿化用水与水资源紧张的矛盾也日趋突出,使用节水、耐旱树种是节约用水的有效途径,也是建设节水型城市绿地的最直接、有效的方式。因此,本文以半干旱地区呼和浩特市绿地使用量较大的13种园林树种为研究对象,研究其光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、水势、PV曲线及其水分参数等生理指标,分析试验树种的耐旱性和水分生理特性,用隶属函数法、多维空间坐标综合评定值累加法、聚类分析法和主成分分析法等4种较常用的耐旱性评价方法对13种园林树木的耐旱性进行了综合评价,并用主成分分析法进行耐旱性指标筛选,确定了测定简单易操作并能较可靠的指示耐旱性的指标和综合评价方法,为进行耐旱性综合评价和园林建设中筛选耐旱树种提供理论和实践基础。得出如下结论:（1）评价耐旱性可靠的水分参数:反映植物吸水和保水能力时选用的主要参数有Ψ_s^sat和Ψ_清晨,次要参数有Ψ_s^tlp和ε_max;反映植物吸水和保水能力,同时考虑WUE的情况时主要参数有Ψ_清晨、Ψ_s^tlp和RWC^tlp,次要参数有WUE和Ψ_s^sat。（2）合理的评价方法:反映植物吸水和保水能力,同时考虑WUE的情况时可选用多维空间坐标综合评定值累加法、聚类分析法、主成分分析法等3种方法评价;反映植物吸水和保水能力时可选用隶属函数法、多维空间坐标综合评定值累加法、聚类分析法、主成分分析法等4种方法。（3）综合不同耐旱性评价方法,试验样本的耐旱性的顺序是:参数反映植物吸水和保水能力,同时考虑WUE的情况时:圆柏>互叶醉鱼草>锦带花>柽柳>华北珍珠梅>紫丁香;参数反映植物吸水和保水能力时:油松>侧柏>国槐>火炬树>桃叶卫矛>山杏>山桃。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water shortage has become a global problem. Especially in arid and semiarid areas in China, water shortage has affected social and economic development. In recent years,with the development of economy, the improvement of living standards, urban area is constantly expanding, the urban green space area is increasing. It has become an important measure of urban civilization progress and sustainable development ability index. With the increase of urban green space area, and urban greening water consumption is rising, the contradiction increasingly prominent between the urban greening water and water tension. So using water-saving and drought tolerant tree species is an effective way to save water. It is also the most direct and effective way in the construction of water-saving city green space. In this paper, 13 kinds of garden tree species which is green space usage larger were as the research object in semi-arid area in Hohhot. To study the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, water potential, PV curve and its physiological and ecological indexes such as water parameters. And analysis of the test tree species drought resistance and water physiological ecology characteristics. By membership function method, the multidimensional space coordinate comprehensive evaluation value accumulation method, clustering analysis and principal component analysis（pca） has carried on the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance about 13 species of landscape plants.And to screen the drought resistance index according to different evaluation methods, to sure drought resistance of reliable indicators and the comprehensive evaluation method which simple and easy to operate. It will be comprehensive evaluation to provide theoretical and practical basis for drought resistance. The results of the study are as follows:（1）The evaluation of drought resistance and reliable water parameters:Which may reflect the beginning of water absorption and water retention of the plants,the main parameters are Ψ_s^sat and Ψ_清晨.The secondary parameters are Ψ_s^tlp and ε_max.If taking into account the WUE,the main parameters are Ψ_清晨、Ψ_s^tlpand RWCtlp,the secondary parameters are WUE and Ψ_s^sat.（2） A reasonable evaluation method:Which may reflect the beginning of water absorption and water retention of theplants, the evaluation method are multidimensional space coordinate comprehensive evaluation value accumulation method, cluster analysis and principal component analysis.If taking into account the WUE, the evaluation method are subordinate function, cluster analysis, multidimensional space coordinate comprehensive evaluation value accumulation method and principal component analysis.（3） Comprehensive different drought resistance evaluation method, the test sample the order of drought resistance:Which may reflect the beginning of water absorption and water retention of the plants, the order is Sabina chinensis>Buddleja alternifolia>Weigela florida>Tamarix chinensis>Sorbaria kirilowii>Syringa oblate. If taking into account the WUE, the order is Pinus tabuliformis > Platycladus orientalis > Sophora japonica > Rhus typhina >Euonymus bungeanus > Prunus ansu > Prunus davidiana.更多还原