【作者】 青雪梅；

【导师】 张卫国；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 企业管理， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 契约型战略联盟具有突出的边界灵活、关系松散、运作高效等特点及初始投入和转置成本较低、政府的政策限制不严格等优点,常见于联合研发、联合市场行动、中小企业间,正逐渐成为战略联盟的主导。然而,现有研究发现:对于在不同国籍和不同行业的各种企业战略联盟而言,联盟不稳定性及高失败率问题广泛存在。契约的不完备性及契约这一控制模式对联盟成员缺乏强有力的控制手段,这使得契约型战略联盟稳定性问题更为突出。契约型战略联盟稳定性不是单一因素决定的结果,而是一个系统的、动态问题。本文基于企业的类生物性,将契约型战略联盟视为一个整体,从生态学及系统论视角研究其稳定性:在对企业生态特性进行分析的基础上,构建了企业生态系统模型及契约型战略联盟生态系统模型;在对战略联盟路稳定性与不稳定性概念进行梳理的基础上,结合主观与客观两个方面界定战略联盟稳定性与不稳定性,应用生态学理论诠释契约型战略联盟稳定与不稳定、从生态系统论及系统论视角分析契约型战略联盟的稳定性机理及契约型战略联盟生态系统中各要素对其稳定性的影响,并应用系统动力学软件vensim进行仿真;最后得出本文结论,并据此为我国企业实施契约型战略论联盟提出建议。本文的创新点在于:(1)基于生态学视角构建了契约型战略联盟生态系统模型在与自然生物类比的基础上,分析企业生态特性,构建企业生态系统模型。在企业生态系统视角下,企业可以与其生态系统中的任何企业组建契约型战略联盟,契约型战略联盟是企业生态系统的子系统。从系统构成视角阐述契约型战略联盟生态系统的元素、结构、环境与特征,建立契约型战略联盟生态系统模型。(2)从生态系统论视角诠释契约型战略联盟稳定与不稳定。企业通过组建契约型战略联盟以拓展自身生态位、扩展其最适生存空间。如果通过联盟企业的最适生存空间未得到扩展,则企业对联盟的表现不满意,此时联盟不稳定。若通过联盟企业的最适生存空间得到扩展,联盟伙伴一方面对这部分扩展的虚拟生态位进行争夺,另一方面又对自身非合作维度上生态位进行保护,这种攻防之间的权衡导致了联盟不稳定。(3)应用系统动力学理论与方法,分析契约型战略联盟稳定性机理契约型战略联盟绩效、绩效与联盟目标之间的差距与联盟主体对联盟的控制合力一起构成了一个负反馈因果回路,联盟绩效决定了联盟稳定性。以联盟主体固有增长率、增长阻滞率代表联盟主体特征,以竞合代表联盟结构。固有增长率、阻滞率、竞合与联盟绩效、绩效与目标差距及控制合力构成了一个更为复杂的反馈回路。主体与结构通过这个反馈回路相互作用,影响联盟绩效,并最终影响联盟稳定性。借鉴生物种间Lotka-Volterra模型,建立契约型战略联盟生态系统演化模型,具体分析联盟主体与结构对稳定性的影响,并用vensim软件进行仿真。更多还原

【Abstract】 Contractual strategic alliance has prominent characters such as flexible boundary, loose relationship, high efficient operation,low requirement on investment, and less government restriction. General contractual strategic alliance has become a popular form of cooperation among small and medium enterprises including collaborative research and development, collaborative marketing strategies. However, contemporary research demonstrates that alliances across different nations and industries have extremely volatile fashion in cooperation and high failure rate. Due to the nature of this type of cooperation, contract lacks the strengths to manage all the contributing parties and this flaw causes contractual strategic alliance many obstruent issues.The stability of contractual strategic alliance is not determined by one singular factor, but a systematic and dynamic problem. This paper, based on biological nature of enterprises, treated contractual strategic alliance as a system and analyze the issues of stability from ecology and system theory’s perspective. The author carefully analyzed the foundation of enterprises’ biological characters and built enterprises’ biological model and contractual strategic alliance biological model;Based on the theoretical analysis of the stability and instability of strategic alliance, the author offered objective and subjective definition of strategic alliance’s stability and instability and then based on ecological theory and analysis the of stability and instability of contractual strategic alliance pertaining to all the contributing factors in the ecosystem of contractual strategic alliance,the author applied system dynamics vensimto for simulation using biological theory to define the of stability and instability of contractual strategic alliance.The main innovations are described as the follows:(1)Built a contractual strategic alliance ecosystem model;On the basis of an analogy with the natural biological, the ecosystem model of enterprise was built. In the enterprise ecosystem perspective, contractual strategic alliances can be established by any enterprises from the enterprise ecosystem, which is a subsystem of the enterprise ecosystem. From viewpoint of system components, the paper constructs the ecosystem model of contractual strategic alliances analyzing its system elements, structure and environment.(2) Explained the stability and instability of contractual strategic alliance based on ecosystem’s perspective;In order to expand their niche, expand its optimum living space, companies develop themselves through the formation of strategic alliances. If optimum living space through the alliance does not get extended, the companies are not satisfied with the performance of the alliance, while the alliance is instable. On the contrary, if optimum living space through the alliance does get extended, on the one hand the alliance partners would fight each other for the extended virtual niche, on the other hand for the would protect their own non-cooperative dimension niche, so this balance between offensive and defensive cause alliance instability.(3) Analyzed the mechanism of the stability of contractual strategic alliance based on system dynamics;Contractual strategic alliance performance, the gap between contractual strategic alliance performance, together with the control of coalition forces target constitute a negative feedback loop causality, in which alliance performance determines the coalition stability. The inherent growth rate based on the main subject of the alliance, the features that represents the alliance’s characters, presents the structure of alliance through competing. Intrinsic growth rate, block rate, competing with the alliance performance, the performance gap between the target and control together constitute a more complex feedback loop. Main subject and structure interacts through this feedback loop, influence alliance performance, and ultimately affect the stability of the alliance. Ecosystem evolution model of contractual strategic alliance is constructed in view of the Lotka-Volterra model in Ecology to analyze the influence of the anlliance ecosystem’s main body and structure on alliance’s stability.更多还原