【作者】 陈晨；

【导师】 刘大平；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 中国传统建筑文化是我国悠久历史文化遗产的一个重要组成部分,而传统山水建筑景观历经千百年的历史积淀,成为传统文化与自然的共同作品,是中国建筑历史与文化景观研究的重要内容。基于对具体环境的抽象认知形成的景观意象,融合构景意象思维与理念的共性文化特质,以及被感知评价的文化意义,是承载与传达传统景观文化的主要载体。因此,传统山水建筑景观意象研究,是传统景观文化发展与传承特征研究的重要途径,是在文化景观研究视域下,构建景观文化综合体评价体系不可缺少的内容。本文以传统山水建筑景观意象作为研究对象,通过分析景观意象的构景与观景思维过程,以人与山水比拟成象的景观意识及景观意蕴感知构成景观“意”的研究层次;以融合传统文化特质的表象及多样衍化传意的物象构成景观“象”的研究层次;由此构建了景观意象研究体系。引入多维综合比较定性与景观评价定量的方法,释析了景观意象的深层意识本源,以景观原型投射形成原型意象的思维中介,以物象和意蕴感知为文化编码与解码的关联过程,体现了景观意象的时空特性。从而系统阐释了景观意象的思维特质。运用卡尔·荣格的原型心理学与传统“象思维”的研究理论,侧重对传统山水建筑景观意象的意识结构与表象特征进行解读。通过对构景思想进行梳理构建景观意识结构,以景观构造的心理、需求与经验三个层面对景观拟象意识进行必要阐释,并进一步详细分析了景观立象意识与成象意识的特性。从表象的模式化入手,提出了形成表象的两种共识景观原型;论述了分类表象的山水审美文化与传统核心文化中景观思维的传达与导向作用;具体分析了表象集成的典型原型意象与空间形态。从意识与表象两方面对景观意象的思维认知规律进行解析。从表象形态的物质呈现角度,对景观物象的空间衍化与势态表征进行分析,试图建立构景意象中意识、表象与物象的关联性研究体系。基于物象空间类型,借鉴凯文·林奇对城市意象的分析方法,结合典型景观实例采用认知意象图提取了景观物象的空间认知要素。采用空间句法理论与方法,解析认知要素的空间构形特质以及对应构景理念的逻辑关系。重点阐释了景观物象的空间类型与文化传意的双重表征,是由构景意象到观景意象的研究转换。从意蕴感知结构的层次内容、观景行为与认知心理三个层面分别具体分析,提出了意蕴感知因子并作为观景意象的评价媒介。根据主客同构的意象评价体系,选取特定景观实例,采取实地问卷调查与软件分析的景观评价方法,量化分析感知因子的属性类别,以其相互影响关系构建观景意象的评价模型。论述了构景意象与观景意象在文化理念表征与感知的相互关系,体现传统山水建筑景观意象的文化传承与启示作用。总之,论文通过中国传统思维方法、西方心理学与景观评价学的交叉研究,从新的角度解读传统山水建筑景观意象的一系列相关问题,以景观的文化属性结合意象思维方式搭建了一个新的景观意象研究框架。并结合意识结构、表象特征、物象表征以及意蕴感知四个层面,从时间和空间、历史构建和当代感知的角度来解读传统山水建筑景观意象的文化传承特质,试图开辟景观文化价值的跨学科研究领域。既是对中国建筑史研究的深入,也是对文化景观研究的弥补与充实。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese traditional architectural culture is a concernful component in the national cultural heritage, in which the traditional architectural landscape undergoes historical aggradation in hundred and thousand years, becoming corporate works of traditonal culture and nature which is the most research content of Chinese architectural history and modern cultural landscape research. The landscape image is formed by the abstractive cognition to the concrete environmental which fused of the common cultural characteristics of ‘image thinking’ and idea in landscape forming and cultural significance in perception and assessment. It is a concernful vector which reflects the unique traditional landscape culture. Therefore, to study the traditional architectural landscape image is an approach of research on the cultural inheritance and development, especially in cultural landscape horizon, is a important content in research system of landscape cultural synthesis.It takes the traditional architectural landscape image to be research object. Through the analysis on the thinking process of constitutive and perceived landscape. The idiosyncracy of significance is formed by the image counsciousness and implication perception. The idiosyncracy of image is formed by the imaginary image with cultural characteristics and derivative objective image.It forms a research structure of landscape image and analyzes the characteristics in uesd of the compared qualitative methods in multiple dimensions and landscape assessment qualitative methods. It purposes to analyze the cultural consciousness basis, the thought medium of landscape archetype and archetypal image, the association of cultural coding and decoding in implication perception.It reflects the time-space characteristics and interprets the thought characteristics of landscape image.It uses the archetypal theory of Carl jung and “image thinking” as the theories of the research on the thought characteristics of tectonic landscape consciousness and concept of images. Through the analysis of the tectonic landscape thought, it forms the construction of landscape consciousness and analyzes the landscape analogue image thinking of psychology, demands and experience together with the multi-element composite and diffusion derivative aspects. It proposes two landscape archetypes which forms imagination, discusses the landscape thought in traditional culture of classify imagination and typical archetypal image and space configuration of set integration. It purposes to interpret the cognitive law of consciousness and idea.According to the point of the imagination presented by substance, it analyzes the space derivation and momentums characterization which attempts to form a connected research system of consciousness, imagination and objective image.Based on the space types and the typical landscape instance, it extracts the space cognitive image elements from the cognitive image schema by the methods of urban image analysis, Kevin lynch. It analyzes the space configuration of cognitive elements and its logical relationship with tectonic landscape concept. It interprets the characterization of space types and cultural communication which is a research transformation from tectonic landscape image to perceived landscape image.The implication forms based on the space cultural communication so that it analyzes the hierarchical contents, the perceived behavior and cognitive psychology of implication perceived structure. It puts forward an assessment system of perceived image by the mediums of implication perceived factors. It analyzes the property categorys of perceived factors in used of its relations in subjective perception by the methods of questionnaire and software to structure the assessment model of perceived image based on the specific cultural landscape. It interprets the correlation of the tectonic and perceived landscape image which reflects the cultural inheritance and revelatory effect of traditional architectural landscape image.To sum up, a series of issue about the traditional architectural landscape image is explained in new point of view by the cross study including Chinese traditional thought ways, western psychology and landscape assessment. A new study frame of landscape image is constructed by the landscape cultural property and image thought. It analyzes the characteristics of cultural inheritance together with consciousness construction, imaginary characteristics, objective characteristics and implication perceived along with time, space, tectonic in the past and perceived now which attamps to creat a new field with multi-subject of landscape cultural values. It is a further study of Chinese architectural history and a supplement and enrichment of cultural landscape.更多还原