【作者】 胡梅叶；

【导师】 张传开；

【作者基本信息】 安徽师范大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 当前,生态危机问题业已成为人类亟待解决的全球性难题,严重影响了人类的生存和发展,引起人类的普遍关注和重视。西方国家率先兴起的以保护环境为主题的生态运动,增强了人们的生态意识。工业文明下人与自然日益突出的矛盾,引发了人们对资本主义制度的不满,而传统社会主义国家生态问题的出现又引起了人们的反思。生态运动与社会主义理论相结合产生了生态社会主义理论。首先,立足于生态社会主义产生的社会历史背景,探讨其理论渊源,即马克思主义生态理论。马克思恩格斯的生态理论在其整个理论结构中处于支柱性地位,其生态观点之间存在着内在逻辑。在此基础上,系统梳理了西方学者对马克思恩格斯的生态诘难,深入剖析生态社会主义者对马克思主义的生态辩护。其次,探讨生态社会主义的理论内涵。基于对资本主义展开的生态批判,生态社会主义指出,生态危机的根源在于资本主义制度及其生产方式本身。发达资本主义国家进行的各种构建绿色资本主义的尝试,虽有成效,终与资本主义的趋利本性相违背,具有不可持续性。其理想社会图景生态社会主义社会,建立在社会主义制度基础上、坚持人类中心主义立场、倡导“稳态经济”的发展模式,有着独特的政治文化要求。再次,针对苏联等传统社会主义国家资源环境、农业等方面出现的生态问题,生态社会主义作出了理性分析,并指出传统社会主义国家生态问题的出现在于其政治干预原则、经济发展模式及陷入的增长极限。在此基础上,总结传统社会主义国家的生态教训,分析和阐述发展中国家可持续发展所面临的资本、科技及人口等深层难题。最后,深入解读生态社会主义理论的启示。以马克思主义生态理论为指导,构建历史唯物主义基础上的生态文明论,正确处理人与自然关系背后的人与人的关系。在此基础上,梳理他国生态治理可供借鉴的经验。分析中国特色社会主义生态文明建设亟待解决的基础性问题,所面临的挑战与机遇,系统阐述我国生态文明建设的制度优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, ecological crisis has become an urgent global problem, seriously affecting the survival and development of human beings and calling widespread concern and attention of the mankind. Western countries have taken the lead in the rise of the ecological movement on protecting the environment, and enhanced people’s ecological consciousness. In industrial civilization, the contradiction between human and nature is becoming increasingly prominent, and has sparked people’s dissatisfaction with the capitalist system, while, at the same time, the emergence of the ecological problems in the traditional socialist countries has aroused much reflection. The combination of ecological movement and socialist theory gave birth to the ecological socialist theory.Firstly, based on the social and historical background of ecosocialism, this paper investigates its theoretical origin, namely the Marxist concept of green ecological perspective. Marx and Engels’ ecological view is the pillar in Marxist theoretical structure and has an intrinsic logic among those ecological viewpoints. On this basis, this paper systematically sorts out the criticism of the western scholars on Marx and Engels’ ecological view, and deeply analyses Marxist socialists’ ecological defense for Marxism ecological ecology.Secondly, this paper probes into the theoretical connotation of ecological socialism. Based on ecological criticism on capitalism, ecological socialism points out that the ecological crisis originates from the capitalist system itself and from its mode of production. The developed capitalist countries have built different kinds of green capitalist attempts with some effectiveness, but the effectiveness still contradicts with the nature of capitalism, that is, the pursuit of profit, and it is not sustainable. The ideal social landscape, i.e. ecological socialist society based on the socialist system, adhering to the anthropocentric position and advocating the development model of "steady economy", has its unique demands, political and cultural.Thirdly, ecosocialism analyses in a rational way the ecological problems about the state resource environment and agricultural and other ecological problems in the former Soviet Union, pointing out that the rise of the ecological problems in the traditional socialist countries is rooted in its political intervention principles, the economic development pattern and the limit of development. On this basis, this paper sums up the lessons for the traditional ecological socialist countries. And it analyses and illustrates the profound difficulties developing countries are faced with in the sustainable development, such as capital, technology and population, etc.Finally, this paper interprets deeply the socialist ecological implications. Guided by the Marxism ecologically philosophical theory, this paper constructs the theory of ecological civilization based on historical materialism, and points out how to tackle interpersonal relationships behind the human-nature relationship. On this basis, it sorts out the experience drawn from other countries in ecological management, analyses the fundamental problems demanding urgent solution in the construction of socialism ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics, as well as the challenges and opportunities, and it systematically illustrates the institutional advantages of ecological civilization construction of China.更多还原