【作者】 范军富；

【导师】 宋子岭；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 采矿工程， 2015， 博士

【摘要】 采空区岩石台阶爆破为多自由面爆破,岩石台阶炮孔孔底自由面的存在对爆破台阶高度、爆破孔网参数、炸药单耗、起爆方法等关键技术参数提出了特殊的要求。既要保证采空区岩石台阶上作业人员、设备安全,又要保证采空区岩石台阶的爆破效果,使得研究采空区岩石台阶爆破关键技术显得尤为重要。系统分析了武家塔露天煤矿开采境界内小煤窑的采煤方法以及可能形成的采空区特征,利用地质雷达物探探测方法圈定疑似采空区区域,提出了利用爆破钻机钻探确定采空区跨度、采空区高度等空间特性的工程探测法,采用三角孔网,缩小孔网控制范围,提高了对采空区的控制精度；通过分析采空区高度对上覆岩石台阶作业设备、人员的安全的影响程度,提出“采空区临界高度”概念,并确定了武家塔露天煤矿12m剥离台阶时采空区的临界高度；通过对多种采空区上覆岩层安全厚度计算方法进行分析比较,提出了充分考虑了炸药性质、岩层性质、爆破孔网参数等影响上覆岩层安全厚度因素的采空区上覆岩层安全厚度计算方法；首次提出采空区上覆岩层“安全台阶高度”概念,明确了安全台阶内涵,运用所建立的采空区跨度与上覆岩层安全厚度的关系模型,确定武家塔露天煤矿不同跨度采空区上覆岩层安全台阶高度值,在此基础上确定了爆破台阶高度；运用LS-DYNA软件建立武家塔露天煤矿采空区岩石台阶爆破模型,优化了采空区岩石台阶爆破参数；提出采空区相邻台阶提前并段与相邻台阶一致并段的爆破方案,并依据优化后的爆破参数进行多组爆破工业试验,确定了采用相邻台阶提前并段、孔底反充填、中间起爆的采空区岩石台阶爆破技术,在武家塔露天煤矿采空区岩石台阶爆破中得以成功应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rock bench blasting of goaf is a kind of more free surfaces blasting. As there are hole bottom free faces of roch bench, special requirements have been put forward for key parameters of blasting bench height, blasting hole net parameters, unit consumption of explosive, blasting methods and so on. It need not only guarantee personnels and equipments security on rock bench, but also ensure the blasting effect, which makes the key technology of the rock bench blasting to be particularly important.The coal mining method and goaf characteristics of small coal mines of Wujiata surface coal mine are analyzed systematically, the suspected goaf regional is delineated by using geological radar geophysical detection method, engineering detection method by drilling is put forward to determine the spacial characteristics of the goaf span, goaf height and so on. The control precision of goaf is improved by using triangle hole net to decrease the control range of the hole net. After analyzed the influence degree of goaf height to the operation equipments and personnels security on the overlying rock, the new concept on" goaf critical height "is proposed, the critical height of 12m stripping bench of Wujiata surface coal mine is also determined. Through analyzed and compared more calculation methods of safety thickness of overlying rock, a calculation method of the safety thickness of overlying rock of goaf is determined, which fully considered influence factors of explosive properties, rock properties, blasting hole net parameters. A new concept on safety bench height of overlying rock is proposed, the meaning of safety bench is cleaned. By using the model of goaf span and safety thickness of overlying rock built, safety bench height of overlying rock under different spans of Wujiata surface coal mine is determined, blasting bench hight ia also determined based on the safety bench height. The blasting model of overlying rock bench of goaf is built by using LS-DYNA software, blasting parameters of overlying rock bench of goaf are optimized. Two kinds of blasting scheme are proposed, one is adjacent benches drilled and blasted when the above berm width is not less than the minimum working berm width, the other is adjacent benches drilled and blasted when the following bench near to the above. Many groups of blasting industrial tests are carried out according to the results of blasting parameters optimized, the blasting technology of adjacent benches drilled and blasted when the above berm width is not less than the minimum working berm width, hole bottom back stowing and middle initiation is determined, which has been verified in rock bench blasting of goaf of Wujiata surface coal mine.更多还原