【作者】 洪巍；

【导师】 周晶；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2012， 博士

【摘要】 近年来,随着科学技术的发展与社会经济活动的延伸,大型工程作为社会发展的标志以及推动经济发展的动力,越来越多地出现在人们的面前。大型工程建设规模庞大,建设环境复杂,这为工程的建设管理带来了新的挑战。众多大型工程事故案例表明,技术问题仅是导致事故发生的表面原因,而本质的原因则是组织管理所存在的问题。本文在虚拟组织视角下,结合大型工程的复杂性,对大型工程组织管理问题进行研究。具体的研究内容和取得的结果如下:首先,在分析工程系统性特征的基础上探讨大型工程的系统复杂性,并论述该复杂性为工程管理所带来的挑战。从表面上看,大型工程在工程规模、技术难度、工程环境等方面具有复杂性;然而,在上述工程复杂性的背后,隐藏着由系统要素、结构以及环境所导致的系统复杂性;上述复杂性为工程决策、综合控制、创新管理、组织协调带来了新的问题。然后,在虚拟组织视角下,结合大型工程的复杂性,分析大型工程组织管理所面临的挑战,并提炼出关键的研究内容。分析了复杂性背景下大型工程组织构建及运营所面临的挑战,包括核心能力识别、合作伙伴选择、组织结构设计、多元异质主体利益与文化冲突;基于虚拟组织视角,指出大型工程组织研究主要关注由"虚拟"的组织结构关系所引发的组织有效性问题,具体包括大型工程组织结构的有效性、大型工程组织利益协调与合作机制、工程文化的快速形成。第三,基于虚拟组织结构的动态性特征,对大型工程组织结构的有效性进行研究。首先对大型工程组织结构的影响因素进行分析;然后结合大型工程建设的任务与环境特征,分析组织结构所具有的特征;最后针对大型工程组织结构的有效性问题,通过引入信息熵理论,建立组织结构有序度计算模型,并利用该模型对特定管理模式下组织结构的有序度进行分析。第四,分析大型工程中利益相关者之间的冲突关系及冲突动因,在此基础上对组织主体间的博弈关系进行分析,研究核心主体利益协调机制的设计。在利益主体博弈关系分析的过程中,针对两个具体的算例:业主与承包商基于质量的利益激励机制以及技术创新中业主与供应商的合作机制展开研究,讨论核心主体——业主具体利益协调机制的设计。对于前者,通过利益激励合同的设计,使承包商一方面为了获得激励费用奖励,另一方面为了提高自己的声誉,从而自发地提高工程质量;对于后者,通过建立双方博弈演化模型,研究超额收益分配及风险分担机制,探讨影响双方合作的关键因素。最后,探讨工程文化的协调作用及其形成过程与影响因素。工程文化协调作用的发挥以文化建设为基础,而工程建设的时限性特征又使得如何快速形成具有核心主导力的工程文化成为文化建设的主要问题。针对上述问题,本文基于核心主体在工程文化建设过程中的主导作用,运用复杂网络理论与项目管理理论,探讨工程文化的传播路径;运用谜米理论,探讨工程文化的传播原则;结合工程建设实践经验,探讨工程文化的形成路径;在上述研究基础上,运用计算机模拟技术,对工程文化形成过程进行模拟,并提出加快文化形成与渗透的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with an extension of the socio-economic activities and scientific and technological development,large-scale construction projects as a sign of social development and as the momentum of and economic development,more and more appear in front of people.Large-scale construction projects large and complex construction environment,which has brought new challenges for the project construction and management.A number of Large-scale construction projects accident cases show that technical issues only surface causes leading to the accident,the nature reason is the problems of organization management.Based on virtual organization perspective and combined with the complexity of large-scale construction projects,research on the organization management of large projects.The specific content and the results obtained are as follows.First,investigate the system complexity of the large-scale construction projects on the basis of the analysis of systemic features of project,and discusses the challenges posed by the complexity of project management.On the surface,large-scale construction projects with complexity in the size of the project,technical difficulty,engineering environment,etc.However,hidden behind the complexity of engineering,there is the system complexity caused by the elements of the system,structure and environment.The complexity of the project brings new problems to decision-making,integrated control,innovation management and organization coordination.Then,in the virtual organization perspective,combined with the complexity of large-scale construction projects,analyze the challenges faced by a large-scale construction projects organization management,and refine the key research content.Analyze the context of the complexity of the challenges faced by the organization and operation of large-scale construction projects,include the identification of core competencies,partner selection,organization structure design,the conflict of the interests and cultural of multi-heterogeneity main.In the view of virtual organization,pointed out that the large-scale engineering organizations research focused on organizational effectiveness issues raised by the "virtual" organizational structure,including the effectiveness of the organizational structure of large-scale construction projects,the coordination and cooperation mechanism of the interests of the large-scale construction projects organizations,the rapid formation of engineering culture.Third,based on the dynamic characteristics of the virtual organization structure,research the effectively of the organizational structure of large-scale construction projects.Analyze the influencing factors of the organizational structure of large-scale construction projects.Combined with the task and environment characteristics of large-scale construction projects and to analyze the characteristics of the organizational structure.For the effectively of the organizational structure of large-scale construction projects,through the introduction of information entropy theory,establish a computational model of organizational structure orderly,and use the model to analyze the degree of order of the organizational structure under a particular management mode.Fourth,analyze the relationships and reason of the conflict between the stakeholders in large-scale construction projects,then analyze the game relationship between the main body of the organization,and study the core of the main interests of the design of coordination mechanisms.Under the stakeholders’ game analysis process,for two specific examples:the incentives mechanisms of the owners and contractors based on quality and the cooperation mechanisms of owners and suppliers in technological innovation,discuss the design of the specific interests coordination mechanism of the owners.For the former,through the design of the interests incentive contract,the Contractor on the one hand,in order to obtain the reward of the incentive fee,on the other hand in order to improve their reputation,which spontaneously improve project quality.For the latter,through the establishment of the game evolutionary model to study the distribution of excess returns and risk-sharing mechanism to explore the key factors that affect cooperation.Finally,to explore the coordination role of the engineering culture and its formation process and influencing factors.The engineering culture play a coordinating role based on culture construction,and the timeliness of construction projects characteristics allow rapid formation of the engineering culture has become the main issue of the culture construction.For these problems,based on the leading role of the core main in the engineering culture construction process,we use complex network theory and project management theory to explore the propagation path of the engineering culture.Use of the meme theory to explore the spread principles of engineering culture.Combined with engineering practical experience,to explore the formation path of the engineering culture.On the basis of the above studies,the use of computer simulation techniques to simulate the formation process of the engineering culture,and put forward recommendations on accelerating the formation and penetration of culture.更多还原