【作者】 徐军；

【导师】 宋俭；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 中共党史， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 本文是专门研究当代中国自由择业知识分子及其政治参与的博士论文,主要包括绪论、正文及附件。在绪论中,介绍了选题的缘由及意义、本课题研究现状、研究思路,重点是明晰了相关概念、相关理论及研究方法,通过辨析自由择业知识分子与新的社会阶层人士、非公有制经济人士、自由职业者、党外知识分子的关系,政治参与的内在构成要素及与“参政议政”的关系,确定当代中国自由择业知识分子是在改革开放和建立社会主义市场经济体制进程中,在非公有制领域成长起来的知识分子群体,其政治参与是指对政治系统的决策和行为施加影响,及实际参与政治生活的活动与行为；另对相关理论——党的新的社会阶层人士理论、知识分子理论、社会分层理论和政治参与理论作了介绍。正文分为两大部分：第一部分是论述当代中国自由择业知识分子的基本状况,包括其产生、发展历程、时代背景、主要构成、特点、属性及作用。在历程部分,对改革开放前中国自由职业者状况作了回顾,将当代中国自由择业知识分子历程分为孕育、产生、初步发展和全面发展四个时期。在构成部分,分别介绍了五个主要群体——外商投资企业的管理技术人员、民营科技企业的创业和技术人员、中介行业的专业人员、自雇知识分子、民办社会组织的管理和专业人员的群体界定、现实状况和发展趋势。在特性部分,归纳了当代中国自由择业知识分子十个主要特点,并分别从与阶级、阶层、中间阶层、精英群体、利益集团角度进一步认证了其属性,从经济、政治、社会、文化和生态建设五个方面阐述了其地位和作用。正文第二部分是论述当代中国自由择业知识分子政治参与,包括历程及动因、途径及内容、成效与不足、对策与趋势及相关比较研究、评价体系。在历程及动因部分,回顾政治参与历程,认为应分孕育、启动和发展三个时期,分析了其对于政治的不同态度,归纳了四个方面的主观原因和四个方面的客观原因。主观原因是：发挥专业优势,参与地方经济建设和社会事业；代表行业利益、反映行业诉求,为本行业发展争取支持、营造环境；参与国家政治运行,促进民主政治建设;拓展个人社会活动空间,提升个人社会地位,支持个人事业发展；客观原因是：国家治理的需要、统战工作的需要、社会建设的需要和行业发展的需要。在途径与内容部分,从制度、政党、政府、团体、行业、媒体及其他七个途径论述了其政治参与的方式与内容。在成效与不足部分,从个人及单位、行业与群体、地方与社会、国家与政党四个层面总结了成效；从主体、途径、内容、标准四个方面,指出了不足。在对策与趋势部分,提出了加强主体建设、完善参与途径、提升参与质量、明确评价标准的对策,认为会出现主体会进一步加强与均衡、途径会进一步完善与规范、质量会进一步提升与加强的发展趋势；在比较部分,分别进行了群体比较与历史比较,群体比较是将当代中国自由择业知识分子与非公有制经济人士进行了比较,历史比较是与历史上自由职业者进行了比较,每个比较都包括了参与主体、背景、途径、作用四个方面。在评价体系方面,从政治参与途径入手,以具体参与方式为载体,按照政治参与的广度(反映参与广泛程度)、强度(反映参与深入程度)、效度(反映参与实际效果)三个纬度,先把每个参与途径下指标项目及数值标准提练出来,然后汇总三个纬度的指标项目,形成总体评价体系。本文还包括了两个附件：一是中介行业代表人士队伍建设与政治参与调查问卷汇总说明；二是自由择业知识分子状况调查问卷汇总分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 This doctoral thesis is specializing in researching contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals and their political participation. It mainly includes introduction, text and attachment.In the introduction, introduces the reasons and significance of topic selection. The focus is on clarifying the related concepts, related theory and research methods. By differentiating and analysing the relationship of freelance intellectuals with new social stratum, non-public economic personage, freelancers and Non-Party intellectuals, the relationship of inherent elements of political participation with participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs, determine the contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals grew up in the field of the non-public economy along with the reform and opening up and the process of setting up socialist market economic system. Their political participation refers to the decisions and actions for the political system influence, and practical activity and behavior to participate in political life. The introduction also introduces topic research present situation and relevant theories, that are the party’s new social stratum theory, theory of intellectuals, social stratification theory and the theory of political participation. This doctoral thesis is specializing in researching contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals and their political participation.lt mainly includes introduction, text and attachment.The thesis text includes two parts. The first part is discussed the basic situation of contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals, including its background, development course, age, formation, characteristics, attribute and function. In the development course, reviews the situation of Chinese freelance intellectuals before the reform and opening up. The contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals can be divided into inoculation period, generation period, preliminary development period and the all-round development period. In the formation, introduces the group defines, situation and development of the five main formation groups, that are management and technical personnels of enterprises with foreign investment, technical personnels of private scientific and technological enterprise, intermediary industry professionals, self-employed intellectuals and the professional personnels of non-governmental social organizations. In the attribute, summarizes the eight major characteristics of contemporary Chinese freelance intellectuals. And its attribute is future certificated respectively from the class, the middle stratum, elite groups and interest group. From the economic, political, social, cultural and ecological construction to elaborated expound its status and function.The second section of the main text focuses on the political participation of the ’Freelance Intellectual’, which mainly includes five parts, i.e. the history and motivation, the access and content, the results and defects, the resolution and tendency as well as related comparative studies. Referred to the motivation and history of the freelance intellectual’s political participation, this thesis hold the opinion that the history process would be considered as three different periods, namely the gestation, the star-up and the developing period; while the motivation is able to be concluded both subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, the motivation can be considered as:1) to participate in local economic construction and social undertakings;2) to appeal for supports and better environment;3) to partake in national political operation so as to promote the building of democratic politics;4) to enlarge personal public activity space and improve social status. Objectively, the motivation of the freelance intellectual’s political participation is due to requires of state governance, united front work, social construction and industry development. Then, the thesis will discuss the access and content of the freelance intellectual’s political participation through seven different points including political system and parties, governments, groups, industries, media and so on. Next, this thesis will focus on the results and defects of the freelance intellectual’s political participation respectively. Sights from individuals, industries, society and political parties will be taken to show the results; while sights from main bodies, accesses, content and standards will be used to point out the defects. While referred to the resolution and tendency of the freelance intellectual’s political participation, this thesis assumes that by strengthening the construction of main bodies, proving access of political participation, improving the quality of political participation and clarifying the related standards, the freelance intellectual’s political participation will undoubtedly get improved.Finally, the comparative research will also be taken to present the differences on the main body, background, access and effects of intellectuals in the environment of non-public economy. Two attachments including Instruction of Questionnaire on Political Participation of Representatives of Intermediary Industry and Analysis of Questionnaire on the Freelance Intellectual’s Political Participation will also be included.更多还原