【作者】 张萍；

【导师】 宋昆；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 公共住房建设的相对滞后使得城市中低收入家庭的住房问题得不到较好的解决。首先,当前中国的住房供应市场失衡,住房供给过度依赖于商品房;其次,住房保障制度不完善,无法给予最需保障的群体以帮助;第三,公共住房的建设管理制度不健全,公共住房建设失控。大力发展公共住房成为解决中国城市中低收入家庭住房难问题的必由之路。本文从公共住房的形态特质视角出发研究公共住房体系的建构策略,旨在探讨以下三个问题:1)为什么要建设公共住房;2)怎么建设公共住房;3)公共住房应该建成什么样。针对以上问题,本文从以下方面着手进行研究。首先,界定了公共住房的概念和定义,限定了明确的研究范围,和其他形态的保障性住房以示区分。其次,回顾了住房发展的历史,梳理出公共住房产生与发展的脉络,分析比较了国内外不同国家公共住房发展建设特点,归纳出公共住房所取得的成就与存在的不足。再次,从权属、建筑和管理三个方面深度剖析了公共住房独具的特征属性。权属问题是理清公共住房本质特点的首要问题,使用权与所有权相分离是公共住房最鲜明的特点;通过分析比较不同国家的公共住房管理经验,归纳出公共住房在运营机构、服务对象、管理机制等方面的管理特点;此外,从类型、密度、尺度三个层次分析了公共住房的建筑类型特点。最后,结合中国公共住房的发展历史和现实问题,并以天津市公共住房建设为例进行综合分析,提出了面向中国国情的公共住房发展的策略建议:第一,应从政策上做到产权明晰,确保体现公平的公共住房保障能够成功实现;第二,在公共住房规划上要结合城市的总体产业发展合理规划,践行混合居住的规划理念,加大配套服务的公共化程度;第三,在建筑设计阶段要充分考虑标准化和通用性的设计理念,确保建造阶段的工业化的可能,并对于居住群体具有良好的适应性;第四在公共住房项目管理层面同样要实现标准化和精细化的管理方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of lack of public housing for urban low-income families has not been solved in china. First of all, the current situation is that commercial housing oversupply makes structural imbalance between supply and demand in the housing market. Second, the housing security system is not perfect, and unable to help the most need group. Third, the construction of public housing management system is not sound and makes out of control. So, developing the public housing will become the right way to solve the housing difficulties of low-income families in Chinese cities.Based on the morphological characteristics of public housing, this paper presents its construction strategy in China, and explores the following three questions: 1) why does the public housing need to be built? 2) How to build public housing? 3) What kind of public housing should be built? To solve above problems, this paper were studied mainly from the following aspects.First, this paper defines the concept of public housing, limits scope of a clear study, and shows the distinction between all kinds of forms of affordable housing in China.Secondly, this paper reviews the history of public housing, and hackles a clear context of production and development. Then, It compares and analyzes the different characteristics of development and construction of public housing in different foreign countries, and summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of public housing.Third, this paper also analyzes the unique characteristics of public housing deeply from three aspects of ownership, construction, and management. Ownership of public housing is the most important issue to clarify the nature and characteristics. What the most distinctive features of public housing is that the right to use and ownership is separated. Through the comparison of management experience in different countries, this paper summarizes the characteristics of public housing in terms of operation mechanism, service object and management mechanisms. In the end, it analyzes and put forward the characteristics of building types from three aspects of type, density and scale.Finally, combined with the development history and the realistic problems of public housing in China, this paper proposes some suggestions for its development, taking Tianjin for example to comprehensively analysis.a) The policy of public housing should be to ensure clear property rights, to ensure the successful implementation of the fairness.b) The public housing planning should be reasonable planning and development combined with overall city industrial planning, put mixed residential planning concept into practice, and increases the degree of public services.c) The idea of design standard and universal should be fully considered in the architectural design phase to ensure the possibility of the industrial construction, and is good for living groups.d) It’s important to realize the standardization and refinement of management mode in the public housing projects.更多还原