【作者】 倪国荣；

【导师】 潘晓华；

【作者基本信息】 江西农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2013， 博士

【摘要】 为了探讨赣抚平原双季稻区不同肥力及施肥制度下的稻田土壤微生物的特性,以不同区域不同肥力的稻田土和长期绿肥定位试验站的土壤作为研究对象,利用传统培养法、BIOLOG、T-RFLP和宏蛋白质组学等研究手段,探讨了不同肥力及施肥制度下土壤微生物的群落多样性及土壤中蛋白表达情况,从微生物的角度阐明不同肥力和不同施肥制度对水稻生长产生影响的原因。主要的研究结果如下：1.稻田土壤微生物特征与土壤肥力关系土壤全氮含量和有机质含量与各微生物指标之间均呈极显著正相关；速效钾、碱解氮和速效磷含量与各微生物指标之间,除了速效钾与真菌数量呈显著正相关外,其余的相关性均不显著。在全养分范围分析基础上,进行不同养分级别下的相关分析,发现,不同土壤养分分级情况下,土壤养分与土壤微生物指标的相关性存在很大差别。2.施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响长期不同施肥制度下,稻田土壤养分及双季稻产量结果显示：与不施肥对照处理(CK)相比,各施肥处理下的土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷、有效钾含量及双季稻产量均有显著增加。稀释涂布平板法测试结果表明,各施肥处理的细菌数量、放线菌数量显著高于不施肥的对照处理,且表现为有机无机配施比单施化肥效果更好；最大或然数法(MNP)测试结果表明：与不施肥对照相比,施肥处理的根际土壤中的硝化细菌反硝化细菌、自生固氮菌和氨化细菌的数量显著提高,双季都施有机肥的处理(M+S+F、M+M+F、C+F)比早稻单季施用紫云英的处理(M+F)或单施化肥(F)的增幅更大。BIOLOG技术结合T-RFLP对不同施肥制度根际土壤微生物多样性进行分析,结果表明：与不施肥对照处理相比,各施肥处理显著增强了土壤微生物代谢活性,提高了土壤微生物利用碳源的能力,显著增加了微生物代谢功能多样性和遗传多样性。不同施肥处理间土壤微生物多样性也不相同,双季有机配施化肥处理(C+F、M+S+F、 M+M+F)比单施化肥(F)或者单季有机配施化肥处理(M+F)更能提高根际土壤微生物的多样性。其中,沼液配施化肥(C+F)最能提高根际土壤微生物群落的多样性。3.施肥制度对根际土壤宏蛋白组的影响构建了不同施肥制度下的根际土壤蛋白图谱,通过分析共有42个差异表达的蛋白质点,其中成功鉴定的有33个,主要来源于微生物、水稻及动物。通过质谱鉴定及功能查询后分析发现,不同施肥制度通过影响水稻根际微生物的信号转导与物质转运、细胞生长发育、蛋白质氨基酸的代谢、能量代谢、碳循环和抗逆响应以及水稻根系分泌物和微动物的相关代谢活动,从而影响了根际的生态系统,最终对水稻生长发育产生影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 To explore the microbial characteristics of paddy soil under different fertility and fertilization systems in Ganfu plain rice areas. The paddy soil of different fertility and long-term green manure positioning experimental station was used as the research object, the classic method, BIOLOG, T-RFLP and macro protein group were used to explore microbial community diversity and protein expression of paddy soil under different fertility and fertilization systems. To illustrate the reasons of different fertility and fertilization systems impact on rice growth. The main results are as follows: 1. The correlation between paddy soil microbial characteristics and soil fertilityThere were significantly correlation between the soil total nitrogen or organic matter and microbial, the correlation between the available potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and microbial were not significant, but the correlation between available potassium and fungi was significant. On the basis of analysis of full range of nutrients, the correlation analyses were used under different nutrient levels, found that the correlation between microbial and soil nutrients under different nutrient levels was different.2. Effects of fertilization systems on soil microorganismsThe results of paddy soil nutrient and rice yield Under long-term different fertilization system showed that compared with no fertilizer control treatment (CK), the soil organic matter content, total nitrogen content, effective phosphorus, available potassium content and cropping yield had increased significantly.The test rusults of the dilution separation methods showed that the number of bacteria, actinomycetes numberunder the fertilize treatment were significantly higher than that under CK treatment. Cooperation of bio fertilizer and abio fertilizer have the better effect compared with single abio fertilizer.The results of most probable number method (MPN) showed that compared with no fertilizer trentment, the amount of nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammoniation bacteria in the rhizosphere were increased significantly.Mcrobial diversity in rhizosphere soil were analyzed with BIOLOG technology and T-RFLP under different fertilization system. The results showed that the soil microbial metabolic activity, the ability of using the carbon sourc of soil microorganisms, the diversity of genetic and microbial metabolism under fertilizer treatments were significant increase. Soil microbial diversity between different fertilizer treatments were different, the Mcrobial diversity in rhizosphere soil under cooperation of bio fertilizer and abio fertilizer of double cropping were higher than that chemical fertilizer treatment or cooperation of bio fertilizer and abio fertilizer of single cropping. The Treatment of cooperation biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer was best.3. Effects of fertilization systems on macro protein group of soil in rhizospheresix different maps of expression shape of soil proteins were set up. Differential proteomic analysis showed that 42 proteins were differentially expressed.33 proteins were successly identified, they were from soil microorganisms, plants and animals. The function analysis of these proteins found that the impact of fertilization systems on rhizosphere microbial were affected by the metabolism of protein and amino, the development and motility of microbial cells, signal transduction and material transport, C cycle and energy metabolism, which affect the rhizosphere ecosystem, eventually impact on rice growth and development.更多还原