【作者】 郭艳；

【导师】 张成才；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 水利信息技术， 2016， 博士

【摘要】 人类活动是引起生态环境变化的主要因素之一,水土资源利用和生态环境的和谐共生是人类一直追求的重要目标。随着城镇化水平的不断提高,人口的急剧增长以及水土资源开发利用强度明显增强,加剧了生态系统服务功能的不断下降与人类对生态系统服务功能需求的持续增加的矛盾,生态环境系统面临着前所未有的考验,优化水土资源结构成为生态环境保护和经济发展共生的有效途径。我国水土资源优化配置研究相对水资源优化配置和土地资源优化配置起步较晚,但在近十几年的发展过程中也取得了丰硕的成果,对于指导我国农业生产,维持国家粮食安全具有重要意义。然而,以农业生产格局为优化目的的水土资源配置已经逐渐不适应经济的快速发展,在积极推进生态文明建设的同时,研究生态建设与经济发展协调下的水土资源优化配置成为许多学者关注的一个热点问题。本文依据生态系统服务价值理论、可持续发展理论和资源配置理论,在分析水土资源利用、水土资源空间匹配格局和生态系统服务价值三者关系的基础上建立面向生态系统服务的水土资源优化配置模型,并以郑州市为例进行研究,取得主要结论如下:1.探明了水土资源利用和生态系统服务价值的响应关系。郑州市生态系统服务总价值从2003年的464797.50万元增加到2012年的705633.57万元,总体呈波浪式上升趋势;各单一生态系统服务类型价值均呈横“S”型波动变化,但在各时点表现出不同的变化趋势,其中支持服务功能最高,调节服务功能最低,说明支付意愿和支付能力与生态系统服务价值呈正向相关。增加建设用地的评估,有利于全面分析土地利用变化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响。通过相关性分析和通径分析,园地、水域和林地对生态系统服务价值起促进性作用,城镇工矿和交通用地对生态系统服务价值起限制性作用,耕地、滩涂、未利用土地和农村居民点用地对生态系统服务价值的影响作用相对较小。利用灰色关联法分析用水结构变化的驱动因素,表明用地面积对农业用水和生态环境用水影响较大,且直接影响区域生态系统服务价值,对工业用水和生活用水影响较小,但是随着城镇化的发展对生态系统服务价值的变化也有一定影响。2.明确了水土资源空间匹配格局和生态系统服务价值变化的关联性。郑州市水土资源匹配水平从2003年的0.6142降低到2012年的0.5746,期间经历了一个先提高后降低的过程。结合信息熵可知,2003-2007年,经济处于发展的初期,用水的需求逐步明显,集约节约利用的意识逐渐加强,耕地和生态环境用地均衡度没有显著变化,农业用水和生态环境用水均衡度增强,使得水土资源匹配程度明显提高。随着经济发展水平的不断提高,耕地和生态用地的均衡度略有下降,农业用水和生态环境用水变化显著,不合理的利用方式造成生态系统出现功能性紊乱,匹配水平呈现逐渐下降的趋势。利用格兰杰因果关系验证方法,在滞后期为1时,水土资源匹配水平和生态系统服务价值不存在因果关系特征;在滞后期为2时,生态系统服务价值到水土资源匹配水平存在单向因果关系特征;在滞后期为3时,水土资源匹配水平到生态系统服务价值存在单向因果关系特征;在滞后期为4时,水土资源匹配水平和生态系统服务价值存在双向因果关系特征,表明水土资源匹配格局和生态系统服务价值的相互影响作用随着时间和外部因素的推移逐渐加强,且生态系统对水土资源匹配格局的影响较先。3.构建了面向生态系统服务的水土资源优化配置模型。遵循整体性、协调性等原则,在分析水土资源利用、水土资源匹配格局与生态系统服务三者关系的基础上建立面向生态系统服务的水土资源优化配置模型体系,其中水土资源系统模型包括水资源优化配置模型和土地资源优化配置模型,生态环境系统模型包括生态系统服务价值评估模型和生态环境用水模型。利用水土资源空间匹配格局测度模型作为联系水土资源与生态环境的桥梁,以土地利用经济效益、土地利用生态效益最大和区域缺水总量最小为优化目标,根据对土地利用经济效益和土地利用生态效益设置的权重模拟不同情景下的土地资源配置和水资源配置,通过对比配置目标和水土资源匹配系数得到“生态经济并重”情景模式下的水土资源配置是最优方案。该方案下经济效益为33825744.72万元。生态效益706337.00万元,区域缺水量28835×104m3,水土资源匹配系数为0.4138。通过与相关方案进行对比,在改善生态环境,提高水土资源的可持续利用方面具有较强的优势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human activity is the most main factor of ecological environment changes,harmony land and water resources utilization and ecological environment is an important goal that has been the pursuit of human. With the rapid growth of the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization and Intensity of soil and water resources development and utilization contradictions of the falling of ecosystem service function and the increasing of human demand for ecosystem services will aggravate,ecological system will face unprecedented challenges,optimizing land and water resources has become an effective tool for economic growth and environmental protection for sustainable development.Soil and water resources optimal allocation research in China is relatively optimized allocation of water resources and land resources optimization configuration started late,But in the process of more than ten years of development has achieved fruitful results It is of great significance to guide agricultural production in our country and maintain national food security.Soil and water resources allocation which aims at the optimization of agricultural production pattern will not adapt to the rapid economic development.At the same time actively promoting ecological civilization construction,Research ecological construction and soil and water resources optimal allocation problem under the coordination of economic development become a hot spot of many scholars.In this paper,based on the analysis of three relations for the land use,water and soil resources space matching pattern and ecosystem service value with ecosystem service value theory,sustainable development theory and allocation of resources theory,the water and soil resources optimal allocation model of ecosystem services was structured and with zheng zhou city as an example,Main conclusions are as follows:1.The relationship between water and soil use and ecosystem service value is proved.The total value of ecosystem services of Zhengzhou increase from 464797.50 million yuan in 2003 to 705633.57 million yuan in 2012,it is Overall outer-plane rising trend.The value of single ecosystem services types is "S" type to fluctuations.But at each point of time it shows a different trend, which supports the highest service function,the lowest regulation service function,which shows the willingness and ability to pay and the value of ecosystem services are positively correlated Increasing construction land evaluation is conducive to the comprehensive analysis of land use change on the influence of regional ecosystem services value.Through the correlation analysis and size analysis,garden,water and forest promote ecosystem services value.Town and mining and traffic have restrictive effect on ecosystem service value.Farm and tidal flats and unused land and rural residential have a smaller affect on ecosystem service value.Using gray correlation analysis of the changes in the structure of the water driving factors, the land area for agricultural use of water and ecological environment effect is larger than industrial water and living water,and has a direct impact on the regional ecosystem service value,but industrial water and living water also has certain influence on ecosystem service value by the changes on the development of urbanization.2.The relationship between the spatial pattern of water and soil resources and the change of ecosystem service value is defined. The matching level of water and soil resources in Zhengzhou city has experienced a process of improving and reducing from 0.6142 in 2003 to 0.5746 in 2012. Combined with entropy,the demand for water gradually clear, the awareness of economical and intensive utilization of is gradually strengthening in the early economic development,the balance of cultivated land and ecological environment unsignificantly changes,the balanced degree of agricultural water use and ecological environment water use strengthen which makes water and soil resources matching degree greatly improved.With the continuous improvement of the level of economic development, the equilibrium degree of cultivated land and ecological land decreased slightly, the agricultural water use and water ecological environment changes significantly,unreasonable use causes function disorder of ecological system, matching level shows a trend of gradual decline. By using Granger causality test method in the lag time is1,the level of water and soil resources and the value of ecosystem serviceswere no relationship;in the lag time is2 and in the lag timeis3,the level of water and soil resources and the value of ecosystem services was a one-way causal relationship;in the lag time is4,the level of water and soil resources and the value of ecosystem services were two way causality.the results indicating that the change of the two factors have significant correlation,the water and soil resources matching pattern changes with the time and external factors gradually strengthen.3. Construct the optimal allocation model of water and soil resources for ecosystem services. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the utilization of water and soil resources,the matching pattern of water and soil resources and the ecosystem services. Construct optimal allocation model system of water and soil resources for ecosystem services,water and soil resources system model includes water resources optimization allocation model and land resources optimal allocation model,system model of ecological environment includes ecosystem service value assessment model and the ecological environment water model. Use water and land resources spatial matching pattern measurement model as the relation of water and land resources and ecological environment of the bridge, and maximum of the economic benefit of land use, the ecological benefits of land use and the minimum of regional water shortage total amount as the optimization objective,simulating land resource allocation and water resources allocation under different scenarios according to weights of economic benefits of the land use and ecological benefits of land use, acquiring soil and water resources allocation by comparing the target configuration and water and soil resources matching coefficient under the scene mode of "Pay equal attention to ecological economy" is optimal scheme. Under the scheme, the economic benefit is 33825744.72 million yuan. The ecological benefits is 706337.00 million yuan,regional water shortage is 28835 * 104m3,the water and soil resources matching coefficient is 0.4138. By comparing with the relevant programs,It has a strong advantage to improve the ecological environment,and the sustainable utilization of water resources.更多还原